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Shloka 30

Go-dāna-stuti and Ghṛta-Japa

Praise of cow-gift and ghee-centered recitation

इति नृप सतत गवां प्रदाने यवशकलान्‌ सह गोमयै: पिबान: । क्षितितलशयन: शिखी यतात्मा वृष इव राजवृषस्तदा बभूव,नरेश्वर! राजाओंमें श्रेष्ठ युधिष्ठिर उन दिनों सदा गोदानके लिये उद्यत होकर गोबरके साथ जौके कणोंका आहार करते हुए मन और इन्द्रियोंके संयमपूर्वक पृथ्वीपर शयन करने लगे। उनके सिरपर जटाएँ बढ़ गयीं और वे साक्षात्‌ धर्मके समान देदीप्यमान होने लगे

iti nṛpa satataṃ gavāṃ pradāne yavaśakalān saha gomayaiḥ pibānaḥ | kṣititalaśayanaḥ śikhī yatātmā vṛṣa iva rājavṛṣas tadā babhūva, nareśvara! |

Vaiśampāyana sprach: «So denn, o König: Yudhiṣṭhira—der Beste unter den Herrschern—war unablässig auf das fortwährende Verschenken von Kühen bedacht. Er lebte von wenigen Gerstenkörnern, die er zusammen mit Kuhdung zu sich nahm, schlief auf der bloßen Erde und ließ, in Selbstzucht, sein Haar zu verfilzten Locken anwachsen. In jener Zeit strahlte er wie Dharma selbst—wie ein mächtiger Stier unter den Königen, standhaft und rein.»

इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
नृपO king
नृप:
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सततम्always, continually
सततम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसतत
गवाम्of cows
गवाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
प्रदानेin (the act of) giving, in donation
प्रदाने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रदान
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
यव-शकलान्barley-grains (lit. barley-pieces)
यव-शकलान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयवशकल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
सहtogether with
सह:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह
गोमयैःwith cow-dung
गोमयैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootगोमय
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
पिबानःdrinking / consuming
पिबानः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपा (पिबति)
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
क्षितितल-शयनःone whose bed is the ground (sleeping on the earth)
क्षितितल-शयनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षितितलशयन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शिखीwith a topknot/crest; (here) with matted hair
शिखी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशिखिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यत-आत्माself-controlled
यत-आत्मा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootयतात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वृषःa bull
वृषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवृष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इवlike, as if
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
राज-वृषःthe bull among kings (best of kings)
राज-वृषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजवृष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तदाthen
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
बभूवbecame
बभूव:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
नर-ईश्वरO lord of men (O king)
नर-ईश्वर:
TypeNoun
Rootनरेश्वर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśaṃpāyana
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
C
cows (go)
B
barley (yava)
C
cow-dung (gomaya)
E
earth/ground (kṣiti-tala)
D
Dharma (implied by vṛṣa imagery)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights royal dharma expressed through sustained charity (especially go-dāna) and personal austerity: a ruler’s moral authority is strengthened by self-restraint, simplicity, and commitment to giving rather than indulgence.

Vaiśaṃpāyana describes Yudhiṣṭhira’s disciplined way of life during this period: he is continually engaged in donating cows, eats only scant barley (even with cow-dung, emphasizing extreme simplicity), sleeps on the bare ground, grows matted hair, and is portrayed as shining like Dharma—‘a bull among kings.’