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Shloka 16

Go-dāna-phala-nirdeśa

Merit and Destinations from the Gift of Cows

क्रोधो हन्ति हि यद्‌ दानं तस्माद्‌ दानातू परं दम: । अदृश्यानि महाराज स्थानान्ययुतशो दिवि,कामयाना महत्स्थानं तस्माद्‌ दानात्‌ परं दम: | दान करते समय यदि क्रोध आ जाय तो वह दानके फलको नष्ट कर देता है; इसलिये उस क्रोधको दबानेवाला जो दमनामक गुण है, वह दानसे श्रेष्ठ माना गया है। महाराज! नरेश्वर! सम्पूर्ण लोकोंमें निवास करनेवाले ऋषियोंके स्वर्गमें सहस्नरों अदृश्य स्थान हैं, जिनमें दमके पालनद्वारा महान्‌ लोककी इच्छा रखनेवाले महर्षि और देवता इस लोकसे जाते हैं; अतः “दम' दानसे श्रेष्ठ है

bhīṣma uvāca | krodho hanti hi yad dānaṃ tasmād dānāt paraṃ damaḥ | adṛśyāni mahārāja sthānāny ayutaśo divi | kāmayānā mahats thānaṃ tasmād dānāt paraṃ damaḥ ||

Bhishma sprach: Zorn vernichtet jedes Verdienst, das eine Gabe haben mag; darum gilt Selbstbeherrschung (die Kraft, Zorn und Sinne zu zügeln) als höher als das Geben. O großer König, im Himmel gibt es unzählige unsichtbare Wohnstätten; Weise und göttliche Wesen, die nach dem höchsten Stand verlangen, scheiden aus dieser Welt in jene Bereiche durch die Übung der Selbstbeherrschung. Daher ist Selbstbeherrschung der Wohltätigkeit überlegen.

क्रोधःanger
क्रोधः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्रोध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हन्तिdestroys
हन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
यत्which/that
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
दानम्gift/charity
दानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तस्मात्therefore/from that
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
दानात्than (from) giving
दानात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
उपरम्higher/superior
उपरम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउपर
दमःself-control/restraint
दमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अदृश्यानिinvisible
अदृश्यानि:
TypeAdjective
Rootअदृश्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
महाराजO great king
महाराज:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाराज
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
स्थानानिabodes/places
स्थानानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्थान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
अयुतशःby tens of thousands; innumerably
अयुतशः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअयुतशस्
दिविin heaven
दिवि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदिव्
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
कामयमानाःdesiring
कामयमानाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकामयमान
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
महत्great
महत्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
स्थानम्abode/place
स्थानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्थान
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तस्मात्therefore/from that
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
दानात्than (from) giving
दानात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
उपरम्higher/superior
उपरम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउपर
दमःself-control/restraint
दमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
M
Mahārāja (the king, i.e., Yudhiṣṭhira as addressee)
H
Heaven (divi)
S
Sages (ṛṣayaḥ, implied by context)
D
Devas/divine beings (devatāḥ, implied by context)

Educational Q&A

A gift loses its spiritual fruit if it is accompanied by anger; therefore the discipline that restrains anger and the senses (dama) is ethically and spiritually superior to charity.

In Bhishma’s instruction to the king in the Anushasana Parva, he ranks virtues and explains that self-restraint leads to higher, even heavenly, attainments, whereas anger can nullify the merit of otherwise good acts like giving.