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Shloka 22

गोप्रदानगुणाः तथा कपिलागोविधानम्

Merits of Cow-Gift and the Origin-Account of Kapilā Cows

न जातु ब्राह्मणो वाच्यो यदवाच्यं शचीपते । मनसा गोधु न द्रुह्ेद्‌ गोवृत्तिगोंडनुकल्पक:

na jātu brāhmaṇo vācyo yad avācyaṃ śacīpate | manasā goṣu na druhyed govṛttigo'nukalpakaḥ ||

Bhīṣma sprach: „O Herr der Śacī (Indra), niemals soll man einen Brāhmaṇa mit Worten anreden, die nicht gesprochen werden dürfen. Ebenso soll man gegen Kühe nicht einmal im Geist Bosheit hegen. Ein Brāhmaṇa, der mit einem ‘kuhgleichen’ Lebensunterhalt lebt—einfach und harmlos—, der für Kühe Gras und Futter bereitstellt und der Wahrheit und Dharma ergeben ist: höre, welche Frucht ihm zuteilwird. Selbst wenn er nur eine einzige Kuh verschenkt, erlangt er Verdienst, das dem Geschenk von tausend Kühen gleichkommt.“

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
जातुever, at any time
जातु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootजातु
ब्राह्मणःa Brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाच्यःto be spoken/called; (here) to be addressed
वाच्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootवाच्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यत्which, what
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अवाच्यम्unspeakable; not to be spoken
अवाच्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअवाच्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
शचीपतेO lord of Śacī (Indra)
शचीपते:
TypeNoun
Rootशचीपति
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
मनसाby the mind; mentally
मनसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
गोṣuin/with regard to cows
गोṣu:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
द्रुहेत्should harm/act treacherously
द्रुहेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootद्रुह्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
गोवृत्तिःcow-like livelihood/way of living
गोवृत्तिः:
TypeNoun
Rootगोवृत्ति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
गो-उदन-उकल्पकःone who arranges fodder/food for cows
गो-उदन-उकल्पकः:
TypeNoun
Rootगोउदनउकल्पक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

पितामह उवाच

B
Bhīṣma (Pitāmaha)
I
Indra (Śacīpati/Śakra)
B
Brāhmaṇa
C
Cows (go)
C
Cow-gift (go-dāna)

Educational Q&A

Guard speech and intention: never use improper or abusive words toward a brāhmaṇa, and never entertain hostility toward cows even mentally. A life of simplicity, truth, and active care for cows magnifies the merit of charity—so much that gifting even one cow is praised as equal to a thousand cow-gifts.

In Bhīṣma’s dharma-instruction (Anuśāsana Parva), he addresses Indra by epithet (Śacīpati) while explaining ethical restraints (speech and mental non-harm) and then extols the extraordinary spiritual fruit of cow-related charity, especially when performed by a truthful, dharma-minded brāhmaṇa who supports and provides for cows.