Shloka 39
गोमूल्यनिर्णयः — The Determination of Value through the Cow
Nahuṣa–Cyavana Episode
Devanagari script
युधिछिर उवाच वण्णपितमविज्ञाय नरं कलुषयोनिजम् । आर्यरूपमिवानार्य कथं विद्यामहे वयम्,युधिष्ठिरने पूछा--पितामह! जो चारों वर्णोंसे बहिष्कृत, वर्णसंकर मनुष्यसे उत्पन्न और अनार्य होकर भी ऊपरसे देखनेमें आर्य-सा प्रतीत हो रहा हो उसे हमलोग कैसे पहचान सकते हैं?
Translation
Yudhiṣṭhira sprach: «O Pitāmaha! Wie sollen wir einen Menschen erkennen, der aus den vier Varṇas ausgestoßen ist, aus befleckter Herkunft stammt, unarisch ist und doch dem Anschein nach wie ein Arya wirkt?»
Word by Word
युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
वर्णपतितम्fallen from (his) varṇa; outcaste
वर्णपतितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवर्णपतित
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अविज्ञायnot knowing; without recognizing
अविज्ञाय:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-ज्ञा
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada, prior action
नरम्a man
नरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कलुषयोनिजम्born of an impure womb/lineage
कलुषयोनिजम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकलुषयोनिज
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आर्यरूपम्having the appearance of an ārya
आर्यरूपम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootआर्यरूप
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इवas if; like
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
अनार्यम्a non-ārya; ignoble person
अनार्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअनार्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
विद्यामहेdo we know/recognize?
विद्यामहे:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPresent, 1, Plural, Atmanepada
वयम्we
वयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Nominative, Plural
Speaker
युधिछिर उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes