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Shloka 18

Varṇasaṃkara: Causes, Classifications, and Conduct-based Recognition (वर्णसंकरः—हेतु-जाति-आचारनिर्णयः)

यो मनुष्य: स्वकं पुत्र विक्रीय धनमिच्छति । कन्यां वा जीवितार्थाय यः शुल्केन प्रयच्छति,“जो मनुष्य अपने पुत्रको बेचकर धन पाना चाहता है अथवा जीविकाके लिये मूल्य लेकर कन्याको बेच देता है, वह मूढ़ कुम्भीपाक आदि सात नरकोंसे भी निकृष्ट कालसूत्र नामक नरकमें पड़कर अपने ही मल-मूत्र और पसीनेका भक्षण करता है”

yo manuṣyaḥ svakaṃ putraṃ vikrīya dhanam icchati | kanyāṃ vā jīvitārthāya yaḥ śulkena prayacchati |

Bhīṣma sprach: „Wer seinen eigenen Sohn verkauft, um Reichtum zu erlangen—oder wer um des bloßen Lebensunterhalts willen ein Mädchen gegen einen Brautpreis hingibt—handelt in Verblendung und begeht ein schweres sittliches Unrecht.“

यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मनुष्यःa man
मनुष्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वकम्one's own
स्वकम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पुत्रम्son
पुत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विक्रीयhaving sold
विक्रीय:
TypeVerb
Rootवि + क्री (क्रीणाति)
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
धनम्wealth, money
धनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इच्छतिdesires, wants
इच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootइष् (इच्छति)
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
कन्याम्a maiden/daughter
कन्याम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकन्या
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
जीवितार्थायfor livelihood (for the sake of living)
जीवितार्थाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootजीवित + अर्थ
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शुल्केनwith a price, for a fee
शुल्केन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशुल्क
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
प्रयच्छतिgives away, hands over
प्रयच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + यम् (यच्छति)
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
S
son (putra)
M
maiden (kanyā)
Ś
śulka (bride-price/fee)

Educational Q&A

The verse condemns treating close kin—especially one’s child or a maiden given in marriage—as commodities for profit. It frames such acts as adharma: a violation of familial responsibility and human dignity, motivated by greed or desperate livelihood.

In the Anuśāsana-parvan’s dharma-instruction, Bhīṣma is teaching Yudhiṣṭhira about sinful social practices and their moral gravity. Here he singles out the selling of one’s son and the giving of a maiden for a price (śulka) as reprehensible conduct.