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Shloka 21

अत्रेः तपोबलप्रकाशः तथा च्यवनस्य सोमाधिकारः

Atri’s Illumination by Tapas; Cyavana and Soma-Entitlement

जो ब्राह्मण शूद्रोंके साथ एक पंक्तिमें भोजन कर लेता है, वह अशुद्ध हो जाता है। अतः उनकी शुद्धिके लिये शास्त्रीय विधिके अनुसार यहाँ शौचका विधान है ।।

yastu vaiśyaiḥ sahāśrīyād brāhmaṇo ’py ekabhojane | sa vai trirātraṃ dīkṣitvā mucyate tena karmaṇā ||

Bhīṣma sprach: Wenn selbst ein Brāhmaṇa in derselben Reihe mit Vaiśyas an einer gemeinsamen Mahlzeit teilnimmt, zieht er sich eine rituelle Befleckung zu. Nimmt er jedoch für drei Nächte eine geweihte Observanz (dīkṣā) auf sich, wird er von der aus jener Tat entstandenen Schuld befreit. Die Lehre betont die Sorge der Śāstras um die vorgeschriebenen Grenzen des Handelns und die Möglichkeit sühnevoller Disziplin zur Wiederherstellung von Reinheit und sozial-religiöser Ordnung.

यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
वैश्यैःwith Vaishyas
वैश्यैः:
Sahakari (co-participant)
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
सहtogether with
सह:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह
आश्रीयात्should partake/should resort to (eat)
आश्रीयात्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-श्रि
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
ब्राह्मणःa Brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
एकभोजनेin a single meal/at one sitting (in the same row)
एकभोजने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootएकभोजन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
त्रिरात्रम्three nights (a three-night observance)
त्रिरात्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootत्रिरात्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
दीक्षित्वाhaving undertaken the vow/being initiated (for the observance)
दीक्षित्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदीक्ष्
FormAbsolutive (Tvānta), Parasmaipada (usage)
मुच्यतेis freed
मुच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootमुच्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada (passive sense)
तेनby that
तेन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
कर्मणाact/observance (rite)
कर्मणा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular

भीष्य उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
Brāhmaṇa
V
Vaiśya

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that certain forms of commensality are treated as a breach of prescribed ritual-social boundaries, but the tradition also provides a defined expiation: a three-night consecrated observance (trirātra-dīkṣā) to remove the fault and restore purity.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhīṣma lays down a specific rule about eating together (ekabhojana) and states the corresponding prāyaścitta: a brāhmaṇa who has eaten in the same line with vaiśyas should observe a three-night vow to be freed from the resulting impurity.