Shloka 57

Vānaprastha-dharma and Tapas: Śiva–Umā Saṃvāda

Forest-Stage Discipline and Austerity

Devanagari script

ततः पापात्‌ प्रमुक्तस्य द्युतिर्भवति शाश्वती । तेजसा सूर्यवद्‌ दीप्तो भ्राजते सोमवत्‌ पुन:

Transliteration

tataḥ pāpāt pramuktasya dyutir bhavati śāśvatī | tejasā sūryavad dīpto bhrājate somavat punaḥ ||

Translation

Śakra sprach: „Dann, wenn der Mensch von der Sünde befreit ist, entsteht in ihm ein unvergänglicher Glanz. In eigener geistiger Leuchtkraft wie die Sonne entflammt, strahlt er wieder wie der Mond.“

Word by Word

• ततः: then/thereupon
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
• Form: avyaya

• पापात्: from sin
• पापात्: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: neuter, ablative, singular

• प्रमुक्तस्य: of (one who is) freed/released
• प्रमुक्तस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्र-मुच् (धातु) → प्रमुक्त (कृदन्त, भूतकृदन्त/क्त)
• Form: masculine/neuter, genitive, singular

• द्युतिḥ: splendour, radiance
• द्युतिḥ: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्युति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: feminine, nominative, singular

• भवति: becomes/arises
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: present tense (laṭ), 3rd person, singular, parasmaipada

• शाश्वती: eternal, perpetual
• शाश्वती: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शाश्वत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: feminine, nominative, singular

• तेजसा: by/with (his) brilliance
• तेजसा: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: तेजस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: neuter, instrumental, singular

• सूर्यवत्: like the sun
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सूर्यवत् (वत्-प्रत्ययान्त, प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: indeclinable-like adjective (comparative in sense), used adverbially

• दीप्तः: shining, blazing
• दीप्तः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दीप् (धातु) → दीप्त (कृदन्त, भूतकृदन्त/क्त)
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• भ्राजते: shines, gleams
• Type: Verb
• Root: भ्राज् (धातु)
• Form: present tense (laṭ), 3rd person, singular, ātmanepada

• सोमवत्: like the moon
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सोमवत् (वत्-प्रत्ययान्त, प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: indeclinable-like adjective (comparative in sense), used adverbially

• पुनः: again/furthermore
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः (अव्यय)
• Form: avyaya

Speaker

शक्र उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Śakra (Indra)
• Sūrya (the Sun)
• Soma (the Moon)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Freedom from pāpa (sin/ethical demerit) is portrayed as producing śāśvatī dyuti—an enduring inner radiance. Moral purification is not merely negative (removal of fault) but positive: it manifests as tejas, a stable spiritual brilliance likened to the sun’s blaze and the moon’s gentle shine.

What is happening in the narrative?

Śakra (Indra) is speaking in a didactic context, describing the result of becoming pāpāt pramukta (freed from sin). He explains the transformed state of such a person through cosmic similes: sunlike intensity and moonlike luminosity, emphasizing the visible/experiential fruit of ethical cleansing.