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Shloka 21

Dāna-Śreṣṭhatā: On the Superiority of Giving

Maitreya–Vyāsa Exemplum

भृत्यातिथिजनश्चवापि गृहे पर्यशितो मया । मात्सर्यात्‌ स्वादुकामेन नृशंसेन बुभुक्षता,मैं इतना निर्दयी था कि केवल स्वाद लेनेकी कामनासे अकेला ही भोजनकी इच्छा रखता और ईर्ष्यावश घरपर आये हुए अतिथियों और आश्रितजनोंको भोजन कराये बिना ही भोजन कर लेता था

bhṛtyātithijanaś cāpi gṛhe paryaśito mayā | mātsaryāt svādukāmena nṛśaṃsena bubhukṣatā ||

Ich aß mich daheim satt, selbst wenn Diener, Gäste und Abhängige anwesend waren. Von Neid getrieben, nur auf den Genuss des Geschmacks aus, durch Grausamkeit und Hunger verhärtet, aß ich, ohne zuvor jene zu speisen, die in mein Haus gekommen waren, und jene, die auf mich angewiesen waren.

भृत्यservant/dependent
भृत्य:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभृत्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अतिथिguest
अतिथि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअतिथि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जनःperson/people
जनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वाor/indeed
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
गृहेin the house
गृहे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगृह
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
पर्यशितःhaving eaten / having taken food
पर्यशितः:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि + अश्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
मयाby me
मया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Instrumental, Singular
मात्सर्यात्from envy / out of jealousy
मात्सर्यात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootमात्सर्य
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
स्वादुsweet/tasty (thing)
स्वादु:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वादु
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कामेनby desire / due to craving
कामेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
नृशंसेनby cruelty / with cruelty
नृशंसेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootनृशंस
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
बुभुक्षताby hunger / with appetite
बुभुक्षता:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबुभुक्षा
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular

कीट उवाच

कीट (the speaker, Kīṭa)
भृत्य (servants)
अतिथि (guests)
आश्रितजन (dependents/those who seek refuge)

Educational Q&A

The verse condemns selfish consumption and emphasizes atithi-dharma: one should feed guests, dependents, and those under one’s care before satisfying one’s own appetite. Envy and mere taste-craving are shown as ethical failings that lead to cruelty.

Kīṭa speaks in confession, admitting past wrongdoing: he would eat at home without offering food to guests and dependents, motivated by jealousy and the desire for tasty food, revealing moral decline and remorse.