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Shloka 43

Ahiṃsā as Threefold Restraint (Mind–Speech–Action) and the Ethics of Consumption

शास्त्र, इतिहास और वेदमें जो यह बात बतायी गयी है कि मनुष्य इस लोकमें पाप करनेपर मृत्युके पश्चात्‌ यमराजके भयंकर लोकमें जाता है, यह सत्य ही है ।। इह स्थानानि पुण्यानि देवतुल्यानि भूपते । तिर्यग्योन्यतिरिक्तानि गतिमन्ति च सर्वश:,भूपाल! इस यमलोकमें देवलोकके समान पुण्यमय स्थान भी हैं, जिनमें तिर्यक्‌ (तथा कीट-पतंग आदि) योनिके प्राणियोंकों छोड़कर समस्त पुण्यात्मा जंगम जीव जाते हैं

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | śāstre itihāse ca vede ca yad idaṃ proktaṃ yat manuṣya iha loke pāpaṃ kṛtvā mṛtyoḥ paścād yamarājasya bhayānake loke gacchati, tat satyam eva || iha sthānāni puṇyāni devatulyāni bhūpate | tiryag-yony-atiriktāni gatimanti ca sarvaśaḥ || bhūpāla! asmin yama-loke deva-loka-samāni puṇya-mayāni sthānāni santi, yatra tiryag (kīṭa-pataṅgādi) yoni-jīvān vihāya sarve puṇyātmānaḥ jaṅgamā jīvā gacchanti |

Yudhiṣṭhira sprach: „Was die Śāstras, die Itihāsa-Überlieferung und die Veden verkünden—dass der Mensch, der in dieser Welt Sünde begeht, nach dem Tod in Yamas schreckliches Reich gelangt—das ist wahrlich wahr. Doch, o König, in eben dieser Welt Yamas gibt es auch verdienstvolle Wohnstätten, dem Götterreich vergleichbar. Zu diesen Zielen gelangen alle tugendhaften, sich regenden Wesen, ausgenommen jene, die in tierischen und niederen Geburten (wie Insekten und dergleichen) zur Welt kommen.“

इहhere (in this world/region)
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
स्थानानिplaces, abodes
स्थानानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्थान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
पुण्यानिmeritorious, holy
पुण्यानि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपुण्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
देवतुल्यानिequal to the gods, godlike
देवतुल्यानि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदेवतुल्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
भूपतेO king (lord of the earth)
भूपते:
TypeNoun
Rootभूपति
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तिर्यग्योन्यतिरिक्तानिexcluding those of animal/low births (tiryak-yoni)
तिर्यग्योन्यतिरिक्तानि:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootतिर्यग्योन्यतिरिक्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
गतिमन्तिgo, attain (a destination)
गतिमन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सर्वशःin every way; entirely; all around
सर्वशः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वशः

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
Y
Yama (Yamarāja)
Y
Yamaloka
D
Devaloka
V
Veda
I
Itihāsa
Ś
Śāstra

Educational Q&A

The verse affirms the moral causality taught by śāstra, itihāsa, and Veda: sinful actions lead after death to Yama’s fearsome realm; yet that realm also contains meritorious, deva-like abodes for the virtuous—highlighting that post-mortem experience is graded by karma, not a single uniform punishment.

Yudhiṣṭhira addresses a king and clarifies the doctrine of Yamaloka: it is not only a place of terror for sinners but also includes auspicious stations where virtuous beings proceed, with an explicit exclusion of beings in lower animal/insect births from those particular destinations.