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Shloka 55

आचारप्रशंसा

Praise of Ācāra as the Basis of Longevity, Fame, and Prosperity

(देवालये5थ गोवन्दे चैत्ये सस्येषु विश्रमे । भक्ष्यान्‌ भूक्त्वा क्षुतेअध्वानं गत्वा मूत्रपुरीषयो: ।।

bhīṣma uvāca | devālaye 'tha govande caitye sasy eṣu viśrame | bhakṣyān bhuktvā kṣute 'dhvānaṃ gatvā mūtrapurīṣayoḥ || dvir ācāmed yathānyāyaṃ hṛdagataṃ tu pibann apaḥ | annaṃ bubhukṣamāṇas tu trir mukhena spṛśed apaḥ | bhuktvā cānnaṃ tathaiva trir dviḥ punaḥ parimārjayet ||

Bhīṣma sprach: Man soll weder Urin noch Kot nahe einem Tempel, unter Kühen, an einem heiligen Schrein (caitya), bei Bäumen, die mit der Verehrung verbunden sind, nahe einem Rastplatz oder in üppig stehenden, bestellten Feldern verrichten. Nach dem Essen, nach dem Niesen, nach dem Gehen auf der Straße und nach dem Verrichten der Notdurft soll man die gebotene Reinigung vollziehen und dann vorschriftsgemäß zweimal ācāmana (rituelles Wasserschlürfen) tun—so viel trinken, dass man meint, das Wasser reiche bis zum Herzen. Wer im Begriff ist zu essen, soll dreimal Wasser an den Mund führen (ācāmana); nach dem Essen ebenso nochmals dreimal und dann den Mund zweimal mit dem Daumenballen abwischen.

देवालयेin/near a temple
देवालये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदेवालय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
अथthen/now
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
गोविन्देin/near a cow-pen/cow-enclosure (lit. finder/protector of cows)
गोविन्दे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगोविन्द
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
चैत्येat a sacred place/shrine
चैत्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootचैत्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
सस्येषुin crops/standing grain
सस्येषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसस्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
विश्रमेat a resting-place
विश्रमे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविश्रम
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
भक्ष्यान्edibles/foods
भक्ष्यान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभक्ष्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
भुक्त्वाhaving eaten
भुक्त्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
क्षुतेon sneezing/at a sneeze
क्षुते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षुत्
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
अध्वानम्a journey/road-travel
अध्वानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअध्वन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
गत्वाhaving gone
गत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
मूत्रपुरीषयोःof urine and feces
मूत्रपुरीषयोः:
TypeNoun
Rootमूत्रपुरीष
FormNeuter, Genitive, Dual
द्विःtwice
द्विः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootद्विः
आचामेत्should sip (water) / should perform ācamana
आचामेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-चम्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
यथाas/according to
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
न्यायम्rule/proper procedure
न्यायम्:
TypeNoun
Rootन्याय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
हृद्गतम्gone to the heart; reaching the heart
हृद्गतम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootहृद्गत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
पिबन्drinking
पिबन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपा
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
अपःwater
अपः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअप्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
अन्नfood
अन्न:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअन्न
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
बुभुक्षमाणःdesiring to eat
बुभुक्षमाणः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
Formसानच् (desiderative present participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
तुindeed/and
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
त्रिःthrice
त्रिः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootत्रिः
मुखेनwith the mouth
मुखेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमुख
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
स्पृशेत्should touch
स्पृशेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootस्पृश्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अपःwater
अपः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअप्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
भुक्त्वाhaving eaten
भुक्त्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अन्नम्food
अन्नम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअन्न
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तथाlikewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
त्रिःthrice
त्रिः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootत्रिः
द्विःtwice
द्विः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootद्विः
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
परिमार्जयेत्should wipe/clean
परिमार्जयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि-मृज्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
D
devālaya (temple)
G
go-vṛnda (cows/cattle area)
C
caitya (shrine)
D
devasambandhī vṛkṣa (sacred trees, implied by context)
V
viśrama-sthāna (resting place)
S
sasya-kṣetra (cultivated fields)
W
water (āpaḥ)

Educational Q&A

Maintain śauca (purity) by respecting sacred and communal spaces—temples, shrines, cattle areas, resting places, and cultivated fields—and by performing prescribed ācāmana and cleansing after common impurity-causing acts such as eating, sneezing, traveling, and excretion.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction section, Bhīṣma continues advising on dharmic conduct, giving practical rules of daily purity: prohibitions about where to relieve oneself and the proper sequence and manner of ācāmana before and after meals and after other activities.