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Shloka 1

Āpava

Vasiṣṭha) and the Vasus: the Kāmadhenu Theft and the Curse (Śaṃtanu–Gaṅgā Saṃvāda

अत-#-#क+ द्विनवतितमो<ध्याय: अष्टक-ययाति-संवाद और ययातिद्वारा दूसरोंके दिये हुए पुण्यदानको अस्वीकार करना जटद्टक उवाच कतरस्त्वनयो: पूर्व देवानामेति सात्मताम्‌ | उभयोर्धावतो राजन्‌ सूर्याचन्द्रमसोरिव,अष्टकने पूछा--राजन्‌! सूर्य और चन्द्रमाकी तरह अपने-अपने लक्ष्यकी ओर दौड़ते हुए वानप्रस्थ और संन्यासी इन दोनोंमेंसे पहले कौन-सा देवताओंके आत्मभाव (ब्रह्म)-को प्राप्त होता है?

Jaḍaṣṭaka uvāca |

kataraḥ tv anayoḥ pūrvaṁ devānām eti sātmatām |

ubhayor dhāvato rājan sūryācandramasor iva ||

Jaḍa Aṣṭaka fragte: „O König, wer von diesen beiden—dem Waldlebenden (vānaprastha) und dem Entsagenden (saṁnyāsin)—erreicht zuerst den göttlichen Zustand (Vereinigung mit dem Selbst, Brahman)? Denn beide eilen ihrem Ziel entgegen, wie Sonne und Mond auf ihren Bahnen.“

जटद्टकःJatadṭaka (proper name)
जटद्टकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजटद्टक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
कतरःwhich (of the two), which one
कतरः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकतर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
अनयोःof these two
अनयोः:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (अन)
FormGenitive, Dual
पूर्वःearlier, first
पूर्वः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
देवानाम्of the gods
देवानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
एतिgoes, reaches, attains
एति:
TypeVerb
Root
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
सात्मताम्identity/oneness in essence (with them); state of being of the same nature
सात्मताम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसात्मता
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
उभयोःof both
उभयोः:
TypePronoun
Rootउभ
FormGenitive, Dual
धावतॊःof (the two) running/hastening
धावतॊः:
TypeVerb
Rootधाव्
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Dual
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सूर्यof the Sun
सूर्य:
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
चन्द्रमसोःof the Moon
चन्द्रमसोः:
TypeNoun
Rootचन्द्रमस्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव

जटद्टक उवाच

J
Jaḍa Aṣṭaka
K
King (rājan)
V
Vānaprastha (forest-dweller)
S
Saṁnyāsin (renunciant)
S
Sūrya (Sun)
C
Candra (Moon)
D
Devas (gods)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a dharmic inquiry about spiritual priority: between disciplined withdrawal in the forest (vānaprastha) and full renunciation (saṁnyāsa), which more quickly leads to the ‘divine state’—understood as realization of the Self/Brahman. It highlights that both paths are goal-directed and legitimate, differing in intensity and method.

Jaḍa Aṣṭaka addresses a king and poses a comparative question about two life-stages/paths. Using the simile of the sun and moon moving toward their destinations, he emphasizes the earnest striving of both the forest-dweller and the renunciant, and asks which attains the divine condition first.