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Shloka 30

Āśramadharma and the Marks of the Muni

Yayāti–Aṣṭaka Saṃvāda

प्रकृतय ऊचु: यः पुत्रो गुणसम्पन्नो मातापित्रोर्हित: सदा । सर्वमरहति कल्याणं कनीयानपि सत्तम:,प्रजावर्गके लोग बोले--जो पुत्र गुणवान्‌ और सदा माता-पिताका हितैषी हो, वह छोटा होनेपर भी श्रेष्ठतम है। वही सम्पूर्ण कल्याणका भागी होनेयोग्य है

prakṛtaya ūcuḥ | yaḥ putro guṇasampanno mātāpitror hitaḥ sadā | sarvam arhati kalyāṇaṃ kanīyān api sattamaḥ ||

Die führenden Bürger sprachen: „Der Sohn, der mit Tugenden ausgestattet ist und stets dem Wohl von Mutter und Vater dient — auch wenn er der Jüngere ist —, ist der Beste unter den Guten. Er allein verdient jedes Wohlergehen und alles glückverheißende Geschick.“

प्रकृतयःthe citizens/subjects
प्रकृतयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकृति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
ऊचुःsaid
ऊचुः:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुत्रःson
पुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गुणसम्पन्नःendowed with virtues
गुणसम्पन्नः:
TypeAdjective
Rootगुणसम्पन्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
माताmother
माता:
TypeNoun
Rootमातृ
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
पित्रोःof (his) two parents (mother and father)
पित्रोः:
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Dual
हितःbeneficial; well-wishing
हितः:
TypeAdjective
Rootहित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सदाalways
सदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
सर्वम्all; the whole
सर्वम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अर्हतिdeserves; is worthy of
अर्हति:
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
कल्याणम्welfare; good fortune; auspiciousness
कल्याणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकल्याण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कनीयान्younger; smaller
कनीयान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootकनीयस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अपिeven; although
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
सत्तमःthe best of the good; excellent
सत्तमः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसत्तम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

P
prakṛtayaḥ (subjects/citizens)
P
putra (son)
M
mātā (mother)
P
pitā (father)

Educational Q&A

Merit is measured by character and dutiful conduct, not by age or seniority: a son who is virtuous and consistently seeks his parents’ welfare is truly the best and deserves prosperity.

The people (subjects/citizens) voice a judgment about rightful excellence: they publicly affirm that even a younger son should be regarded as superior if he possesses virtues and remains devoted to his parents’ good.