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Shloka 40

Duḥṣantasya Vana-praveśaḥ

King Duḥṣanta’s Entry into the Forest Hunt

ऋतुकालमनुप्राप्ता सनाता पुंसवने शुचि: । तदह: पितरश्वैनमूचुर्जहि मृगानिति,और जो कन्या थी उसे राजाने अपनी पत्नी बना लिया। उसका नाम था गिरिका। बुद्धिमानोंमें श्रेष्ठ जनममेजय! एक दिन ऋतुकालको प्राप्त हो स्नानके पश्चात्‌ शुद्ध हुई वसुपत्नी गिरिकाने पुत्र उत्पन्न होने योग्य समयमें राजासे समागमकी इच्छा प्रकट की। उसी दिन पितरोंने राजाओंमें श्रेष्ठ वसुपर प्रसन्न हो उन्हें आज्ञा दी--'तुम हिंसक पशुओंका वध करो।' तब राजा पितरोंकी आज्ञाका उल्लंघन न करके कामनावश साक्षात्‌ दूसरी लक्ष्मीके समान अत्यन्त रूप और सौन्दर्यके वैभवसे सम्पन्न गिरिकाका ही चिन्तन करते हुए हिंसक पशुओंको मारनेके लिये वनमें गये

ṛtukālam anuprāptā sanātā puṃsavane śuciḥ | tadahaḥ pitaraś cainam ūcur jahi mṛgān iti ||

Vaiśaṃpāyana sprach: Als die Zeit zur Empfängnis gekommen war und sie nach dem Bad für das mit der Zeugung eines Sohnes verbundene Ritual gereinigt war, redeten die Pitṛs (die Ahnen) ihn noch am selben Tag an: „Erschlage die wilden Bestien.“ Die Stelle stellt die Spannung zwischen ehelicher Pflicht zur rechten Zeit und Gehorsam gegenüber dem Ahnengebot heraus; der König, ohne die Weisung der Pitṛs zu übertreten, zieht in den Wald zur Jagd, während sein Geist doch auf Girikā gerichtet bleibt.

ऋतुकालम्the season/time of fertility
ऋतुकालम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootऋतुकाल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अनुप्राप्ताhaving reached/attained
अनुप्राप्ता:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-प्राप्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle, used actively here)
सनाताbathed
सनाता:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootस्ना
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (PPP; 'bathed')
पुंसवनेin/at the rite for begetting a male child (puṃsavana)
पुंसवने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपुंसवन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
शुचिःpure/clean
शुचिः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशुचि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अहःday
अहः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअहन्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
पितरःthe Pitṛs (manes/ancestors)
पितरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एनम्him
एनम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ऊचुःsaid
ऊचुः:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
जहिkill/slay
जहि:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormImperative (लोट्), 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada
मृगान्deer/wild animals
मृगान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमृग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
इतिthus/quoting
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśaṃpāyana
P
Pitṛs (ancestors)
V
Vasu (the king, implied by context)
G
Girikā (implied by context)
F
forest (implied by context)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights dharma as layered obligations: ritual/householder timing (ṛtukāla, purity, puṃsavana) exists alongside higher claims of ancestral command. The ethical focus is on a king navigating desire and duty, prioritizing obedience to the Pitṛs while remaining inwardly affected by personal longing.

At the proper time for conception, the king’s wife has bathed and is ritually pure, ready for union aimed at begetting a child. On that same day, the ancestral spirits instruct the king to go and kill wild beasts; he proceeds to fulfill that command, setting up the ensuing episode involving Girikā and the king’s absence.