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Shloka 91

Ādi-parva Adhyāya 3 — Janamejaya’s Rite, Dhaumya’s Parīkṣā, and Uttanka’s Kuṇḍala Quest (सर्पसत्रप्रस्तावना–गुरुपरीक्षा–उत्तङ्कोपाख्यान)

यश्चाधर्मेण वै ब्रूयाद्‌ यश्चाधर्मेण पृच्छति । तयोरन्यतर:ः प्रैति विद्वेषं चाधिगच्छति,जो अधर्मपूर्वक अध्यापन या उपदेश करता है अथवा जो अधर्मपूर्वक प्रश्न या अध्ययन करता है, उन दोनोंमेंसे एक (गुरु अथवा शिष्य) मृत्यु एवं विद्वेषको प्राप्त होता है

yaścādharmeṇa vai brūyād yaścādharmeṇa pṛcchati | tayor anyataraḥ praiti vidveṣaṃ cādhigacchati ||

Wer gegen den Dharma spricht (oder lehrt), und wer gegen den Dharma fragt (oder lernt) — zwischen diesen beiden gerät einer (entweder Lehrer oder Schüler) ins Verderben und verfällt zudem in Feindschaft. Der Vers warnt: Unterweisung und Anfrage müssen in Rechtschaffenheit gründen; sonst werden Beziehung und Frucht zerstörerisch.

यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अधर्मेणby/through unrighteousness; unrighteously
अधर्मेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअधर्म
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
ब्रूयात्should speak/teach
ब्रूयात्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अधर्मेणunrighteously
अधर्मेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअधर्म
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
पृच्छतिasks/inquires
पृच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रच्छ्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तयोःof those two
तयोः:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Dual
अन्यतरःone of the two (either one)
अन्यतरः:
Karta
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootअन्यतर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रैतिgoes to; meets with; reaches
प्रैति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + इ
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
विद्वेषम्hatred/hostility
विद्वेषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविद्वेष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अधिगच्छतिattains/comes to
अधिगच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootअधि + गम्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

राम उवाच

राम (Rāma)

Educational Q&A

Teaching and questioning must be done according to dharma; if either instruction or inquiry is driven by adharma (improper intent or method), the outcome becomes destructive—leading to ruin and mutual hostility.

Rāma states a moral principle about discourse and learning: when teacher and student engage in unrighteous speech or unrighteous questioning, the bond deteriorates and one of them meets calamity, along with the rise of enmity.