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Shloka 52

Ādi-parva Adhyāya 3 — Janamejaya’s Rite, Dhaumya’s Parīkṣā, and Uttanka’s Kuṇḍala Quest (सर्पसत्रप्रस्तावना–गुरुपरीक्षा–उत्तङ्कोपाख्यान)

अथ तस्मिन्ननागच्छति सूर्य चास्ताचलावलम्बिनि उपाध्याय: शिष्यानवोचत्‌-- नायात्युपमन्युस्त ऊचुर्वनं गतो गा रक्षितुमिति,तदनन्तर जब सूर्यदेव अस्ताचलकी चोटीपर पहुँच गये, तब भी उपमन्यु गुरुके घरपर नहीं आया, तो उपाध्यायने शिष्योंसे पूछा--“उपमन्यु क्‍यों नहीं आया?' वे बोले--“वह तो गाय चरानेके लिये वनमें गया था”

atha tasminn anāgacchati sūrye cāstācala-avalambini upādhyāyaḥ śiṣyān avocat— nāyāty upamanyuḥ. ta ūcuḥ— vanaṃ gato gā rakṣitum iti.

Als Upamanyu noch immer nicht zurückkehrte und die Sonne bereits zum westlichen Berg hinabsank, sagte der Lehrer zu den Schülern: „Upamanyu ist nicht gekommen.“ Sie erwiderten: „Er ist in den Wald gegangen, um die Kühe zu hüten.“

अथthen
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
तस्मिन्in that (time/condition)
तस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine/neuter, locative, singular
अनागच्छतिnot coming
अनागच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-गम्
Formpresent, third, singular, parasmaipada
सूर्येwhen the sun (was)
सूर्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य
Formmasculine, locative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अस्ताचलावलम्बिनिresting on the western mountain (i.e., at sunset)
अस्ताचलावलम्बिनि:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअस्ताचलावलम्बिन्
Formmasculine, locative, singular
उपाध्यायःthe teacher
उपाध्यायः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउपाध्याय
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
शिष्यान्the disciples
शिष्यान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशिष्य
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
अवोचत्said/spoke
अवोचत्:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formimperfect, third, singular, parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आयातिcomes
आयाति:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-या
Formpresent, third, singular, parasmaipada
उपमन्युःUpamanyu
उपमन्युः:
Karta
TypeProperNoun
Rootउपमन्यु
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
ऊचुःthey said
ऊचुः:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formperfect, third, plural, parasmaipada
वनम्to the forest
वनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवन
Formneuter, accusative, singular
गतःgone
गतः:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
Formpast active participle (क्त), masculine, nominative, singular
गाःcows
गाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगो
Formfeminine, accusative, plural
रक्षितुम्to guard/protect
रक्षितुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootरक्ष्
Forminfinitive (तुमुन्)
इतिthus/quoting
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति

राम उवाच

U
Upādhyāya (teacher)
Ś
Śiṣyāḥ (disciples)
U
Upamanyu
S
Sūrya (the sun)
A
Astācala (western mountain)
V
Vana (forest)
G
Gāḥ (cows)

Educational Q&A

The passage highlights śiṣya-dharma: a student must faithfully carry out the teacher’s assigned duty. Guarding the cows is treated as a serious responsibility, implying steadiness, obedience, and endurance rather than convenience.

As evening approaches and the sun is setting, the teacher notices that Upamanyu has not returned. When asked, the other students report that Upamanyu has gone into the forest to protect the cows.