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Shloka 5

Ādi-parva, Adhyāya 187: Drupada’s Inquiry and the Dharma Debate on Draupadī’s Marriage

तत्‌ कथं त्वकृतास्त्रेण प्राणतो दुर्बलीयसा । वटुमात्रेण शक्‍यं हि सज्यं कर्तु धनुद्धिजा:,'ब्राह्मणो! कर्ण और शल्य आदि बलवान, थरनुर्वेदपरायण तथा लोकविख्यात क्षत्रिय जिसे झुका (-तक) न सके, उसी धनुषपर अस्त्र-ज्ञानसे शून्य और शारीरिक बलकी दृष्टिसे अत्यन्त दुर्बल यह निरा ब्राह्मण-बालक कैसे प्रत्यंचा चढ़ा सकेगा

tat kathaṁ tv akṛtāstreṇa prāṇato durbalīyasā | vaṭumātreṇa śakyaṁ hi sajyaṁ kartuṁ dhanur dhijāḥ ||

Vaiśampāyana sprach: „Wie sollte dieser bloße Brahmanenjunge — ungeschult im Waffengebrauch und an körperlicher Kraft weit unterlegen — jenen Bogen bespannen können? Selbst berühmte kṣatriya-Krieger, gerühmt für ihre Meisterschaft im Bogenschießen und ihre große Macht, wie Karṇa und Śalya, vermochten ihn nicht zu beugen; wie sollte es da einer vollbringen, dem jede Waffenlehre fehlt?“

तत्that (thing/that fact)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular
कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, nominative, singular
अकृतास्त्रेणby one who has not learned weapons (untrained in arms)
अकृतास्त्रेण:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअकृतास्त्र
Formmasculine/neuter, instrumental, singular
प्राणतःthan life; from (the standpoint of) life
प्राणतः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootप्राण
Formmasculine, ablative, singular
दुर्बलीयसाby one weaker (very weak)
दुर्बलीयसा:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootदुर्बलीयस्
Formmasculine/neuter, instrumental, singular
वटु-मात्रेणby a mere boy (only a brahmin lad)
वटु-मात्रेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवटुमात्र
Formmasculine/neuter, instrumental, singular
शक्यम्possible
शक्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootशक्य
Formneuter, nominative, singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
सज्यम्strung; with the bowstring fitted
सज्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसज्य
Formneuter, accusative, singular
कर्तुम्to make/to do
कर्तुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Forminfinitive
धनुःthe bow
धनुः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधनुस्
Formneuter, accusative, singular
धिजाःO brahmin (twice-born)
धिजाः:
TypeNoun
Rootधिज
Formmasculine, vocative, singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
B
brāhmaṇa boy (vaṭu)
K
Karṇa
Ś
Śalya
B
bow (dhanuḥ)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the contrast between outward qualifications (martial training, physical strength, social role) and the possibility of an extraordinary outcome. It cautions against judging capability solely by conventional markers, preparing the listener for a feat that may be enabled by destiny, hidden identity, or higher power rather than ordinary strength.

Vaiśampāyana expresses skepticism: a bow that even famed warriors like Karṇa and Śalya could not bend seems impossible for a mere brahmin boy—untrained in weapons and physically weak—to string. The statement sets up dramatic tension around an impending test involving the bow.