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Shloka 20

Ādi-parva, Adhyāya 187: Drupada’s Inquiry and the Dharma Debate on Draupadī’s Marriage

तदर्जुनो वीर्यवर्तां सदर्प- स्तदैन्द्रिरिन्द्रावरजप्र भाव: । सज्यं च चक्रे निमिषान्तरेण शरांश्व जग्राह दशार्धसंख्यान्‌,रुक्‍म, सुनीथ, वक्र, कर्ण, दुर्योधन, शल्य तथा शाल्व आदि धरनुर्वेदके पारंगत विद्वान्‌ पुरुषसिंह राजालोग महान्‌ प्रयत्न करके भी जिस धनुषपर डोरी न चढ़ा सके, उसी धनुषपर विष्णुके समान प्रभावशाली एवं पराक्रमी वीरोंमें श्रेष्ठठाका अभिमान रखनेवाले इन्द्रकुमार अर्जुनने पलक मारते-मारते प्रत्यंचा चढ़ा दी। इसके बाद उन्होंने वे पाँच बाण भी अपने हाथमें ले लिये

tad arjuno vīryavartāṃ sadarpaḥ tadaindrir indrāvarajaprabhāvaḥ | sajyaṃ ca cakre nimiṣāntareṇa śarāṃś ca jagrāha daśārdhasaṅkhyān ||

Da spannte Arjuna—stolz auf seine Heldenkraft, der Sohn Indras, begabt mit der Macht wie die des jüngeren Bruders Indras—jenen Bogen im Raum eines Augenblinzelns. Sogleich ergriff er auch die Pfeile, fünfzehn an der Zahl. Die Begebenheit zeigt, wie wahre Befähigung, mit rechtem Zweck verbunden, mühelos hervortritt, wo bloße Anstrengung ohne die nötige Eignung versagt.

तत्that (bow/stringing act as object-context)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formneuter, accusative, singular
अर्जुनःArjuna
अर्जुनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुन
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
वीर्यवत्powerful, valiant
वीर्यवत्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवीर्यवत्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
स-दर्पःwith pride
स-दर्पः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदर्प
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
ऐन्द्रिःson of Indra
ऐन्द्रिः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootऐन्द्रि
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
इन्द्र-अवरज-प्रभावःhaving the might of Indra's younger (i.e., like Indra's junior/son)
इन्द्र-अवरज-प्रभावः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभाव
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
स-ज्यम्with the bowstring fitted (strung)
स-ज्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootज्या
Formneuter, accusative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
चक्रेdid, made
चक्रे:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formperfect, 3rd, singular, parasmaipada
निमिष-अन्तरेणwithin the space of a blink
निमिष-अन्तरेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअन्तर
Formneuter, instrumental, singular
शरान्arrows
शरान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशर
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
जग्राहtook, seized
जग्राह:
TypeVerb
Rootग्रह्
Formperfect, 3rd, singular, parasmaipada
दश-अर्ध-संख्यान्numbering five (lit. ten-halves)
दश-अर्ध-संख्यान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसंख्या
Formmasculine, accusative, plural

वैशम्पायन उवाच

A
Arjuna
I
Indra
I
Indrāvaraja (Upendra/Viṣṇu)
B
bow (dhanus)
B
bowstring (pratyañcā, implied by sajyam)
A
arrows (śara)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights that genuine competence—rooted in innate capacity, training, and rightful qualification—accomplishes with ease what others cannot achieve even with great effort; it also frames Arjuna’s excellence as supported by divine lineage and destiny.

Vaishampayana narrates that Arjuna, the Indra-born hero, strings a formidable bow in an instant and immediately takes up fifteen arrows, demonstrating his superior mastery of archery at a decisive moment.