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Shloka 35

जतुगृहदाहः — The Burning of the Lac House and the Pāṇḍavas’ Concealed Escape

दुर्योधन उवाच आचार्य त्रिविधा योनी राज्ञां शास्त्रविनिश्षये | सत्कुलीनश्नव शूरश्न यश्व सेनां प्रकर्षति,तब दुर्योधनने कहा--आचार्य! शास्त्रीय सिद्धान्तके अनुसार राजाओंकी तीन योनियाँ हैं--उत्तम कुलमें उत्पन्न पुरुष, शूरवीर तथा सेनापति (अत: शूरवीर होनेके कारण कर्ण भी राजा ही हैं)

duryodhana uvāca | ācārya trividhā yonī rājñāṃ śāstraviniścaye | satkulīnaś ca vīraś ca senāpatir yaś ca senāṃ prakarṣati ||

Duryodhana sprach: „O Lehrer, nach den feststehenden Ergebnissen der Lehrschriften gibt es unter den Herrschern drei anerkannte ‘Ursprünge’ des Königtums: den in edlem Geschlecht Geborenen, den bewährten Helden und den, der als Feldherr ein Heer zu führen und zu höchster Tüchtigkeit anzutreiben vermag. Nach diesem Maßstab begründet Tapferkeit selbst den königlichen Rang.“

दुर्योधनःDuryodhana
दुर्योधनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
आचार्यO teacher
आचार्य:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootआचार्य
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
त्रिविधाःthreefold
त्रिविधाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रिविध
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
योनयःorigins / sources / classes
योनयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयोनि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
राज्ञाम्of kings
राज्ञाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
शास्त्र-विनिश्चयेin the determination of the śāstras / according to śāstric decision
शास्त्र-विनिश्चये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशास्त्रविनिश्चय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
सत्कुलीनःborn in a good family
सत्कुलीनः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसत्कुलीन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
शूरःa hero / brave man
शूरः:
TypeNoun
Rootशूर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सेनाम्army
सेनाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसेना
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
प्रकर्षतिdraws/attracts/commands (leads forth)
प्रकर्षति:
TypeVerb
Rootकृष्
FormPresent, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada

दुर्योधन उवाच

D
Duryodhana
D
Drona (ācārya)

Educational Q&A

Royal legitimacy is argued to rest on recognized criteria: noble birth, proven valor, or effective military leadership. The verse frames kingship as not only hereditary but also merit-based through heroism and command.

Duryodhana addresses his teacher (Droṇa) and cites śāstric authority to justify recognizing a warrior’s royal standing on the basis of valor and command—supporting his political stance about who deserves the status and privileges of a king.