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Shloka 21

Droṇotpattiḥ and Dhanurveda-Prāpti

Origin of Droṇa and Acquisition of Martial Science

भद्रोवाच नारी परमधर्मज्ञ सर्वा भर्तृविनाकृता । पतिं विना जीवति या न सा जीवति दुःखिता,भद्रा बोली--परमधर्मज्ञ महाराज! जो कोई भी विधवा स्त्री पतिके बिना जीवन धारण करती है, वह निरन्तर दु:खमें डूबी रहनेके कारण वास्तवमें जीती नहीं, अपितु मृततुल्या है

bhadro'vāca nārī paramadharmajña sarvā bhartṛvinākṛtā | patiṁ vinā jīvati yā na sā jīvati duḥkhitā ||

Bhadrā sprach: „O König, Kenner des höchsten Dharma! Eine Frau, der der Gatte genommen ist, ist gänzlich beraubt. Wer ohne ihren Herrn weiterlebt, lebt nicht wirklich; vom Kummer verzehrt, besteht sie wie eine bereits Tote.“

भद्राBhadra
भद्रा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभद्रा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid/spoke
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
नारीO woman
नारी:
TypeNoun
Rootनारी
FormFeminine, Vocative, Singular
परमधर्मज्ञO knower of the highest dharma
परमधर्मज्ञ:
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम-धर्मज्ञ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सर्वाevery (woman)
सर्वा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
भर्तृविनाकृताmade without a husband; bereft of husband
भर्तृविनाकृता:
TypeAdjective
Rootभर्तृ-विना-कृत
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
पतिम्husband
पतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपति
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विनाwithout
विना:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविना
जीवतिlives
जीवति:
TypeVerb
Rootजीव्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
याwho (she who)
या:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
साshe
सा:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
जीवतिlives
जीवति:
TypeVerb
Rootजीव्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
दुःखिताafflicted/sorrowful
दुःखिता:
TypeAdjective
Rootदुःखित
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

B
Bhadrā
K
King (addressed as paramadharmajña)
W
Woman (nārī)
H
Husband (bhartṛ/pati)

Educational Q&A

The verse voices a traditional dharma-based view that a woman’s life is socially and emotionally bound to her husband; without him, her existence is portrayed as overwhelmed by grief and lacking fullness. It reflects the epic’s exploration of duty, dependence, and the human cost of loss.

Bhadra addresses a king praised as a knower of dharma and makes a pointed statement about the condition of a woman bereft of her husband, emphasizing the depth of sorrow and the perceived incompleteness of life after widowhood.