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Shloka 17

Ruru–Ḍuṇḍubha Saṃvāda: Śāpa, Mokṣa, and Ahiṃsā-Upadeśa

Chapter 11

दण्डधारणमुग्रत्वं प्रजानां परिपालनम्‌ | तदिदं क्षत्रियस्यासीत्‌ कर्म वै शृणु मे रुरो,“रुरो! दण्डधारण, उमग्रता और प्रजापालन--ये सब क्षत्रियोंके कर्म रहे हैं। मेरी बात सुनो, पहले राजा जनमेजयके यज्ञमें सर्पोकी बड़ी भारी हिंसा हुई। द्विजश्रेष्ठ) फिर उसी सर्पसत्रमें तपस्याके बल-वीर्यसे सम्पन्न, वेद वेदांगोंके पारंगत विद्वान्‌ विप्रवर आस्तीक नामक ब्राह्मणके द्वारा भयभीत सर्पोंकी प्राणरक्षा हुई!

daṇḍadhāraṇam ugrātvaṁ prajānāṁ paripālanam | tad idaṁ kṣatriyasyāsīt karma vai śṛṇu me ruro ||

«Ruru, höre mich an. Den Strafstab zu tragen, strenge Kraft zu zeigen und das Volk zu schützen—das sind wahrhaft die rechten Pflichten eines Kṣatriya. Und wisse: einst, beim Opfer des Königs Janamejaya, kam es zu einem gewaltigen Gemetzel an Schlangen; doch in eben diesem Schlangenopfer wurden die Leben der verängstigten Schlangen durch die Macht der Askese des erhabenen Brahmanen Āstīka gerettet, der in den Veden und ihren Hilfswissenschaften vollendet war.»

दण्डधारणम्bearing/holding the rod (punitive authority)
दण्डधारणम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड-धारण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
उग्रत्वम्fierceness/strictness
उग्रत्वम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउग्रत्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
प्रजानाम्of the subjects/people
प्रजानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
परिपालनम्protection/guarding
परिपालनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपरि-पालन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
क्षत्रियस्यof a kshatriya
क्षत्रियस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
आसीत्was
आसीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect, Third, Singular
कर्मduty/action
कर्म:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
शृणुhear/listen
शृणु:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormImperative, Second, Singular
मेof me / my
मे:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
रुरोO Ruru
रुरो:
TypeNoun
Rootरुरु
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

डुण्ड्रुभ उवाच

R
Ruru
D
Duṇḍrubha
K
kṣatriya
D
daṇḍa (royal punishment/rod)
J
Janamejaya
S
sarpa-satra (serpent sacrifice)
S
serpents (sarpa)
Ā
Āstīka

Educational Q&A

The verse frames kṣatriya-dharma as disciplined authority: the ruler must wield punishment (daṇḍa) with stern resolve when needed, but always for the protection and welfare of the people. It also gestures to an ethical corrective—unchecked violence (even in ritual) can be restrained by dharma and spiritual power, as exemplified by Āstīka saving the serpents.

Duṇḍrubha addresses Ruru and defines the traditional duties of a kṣatriya—punishment, firmness, and protection. The surrounding narrative recalls Janamejaya’s serpent-sacrifice, where many serpents were being destroyed, and how the learned Brahmin Āstīka intervened through tapas and Vedic mastery to stop the slaughter and protect the serpents.