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Shloka 4

Daily Duties of Brāhmaṇas: Snāna, Sandhyā, Sūrya-hṛdaya, Japa, Tarpaṇa, and the Pañca-mahāyajñas

उषः काले ऽथ संप्राप्ते कृत्वा चावश्यकं बुधः / स्नायान्नदीषु सुद्धासु शौचं कृत्वा यथाविधि

uṣaḥ kāle 'tha saṃprāpte kṛtvā cāvaśyakaṃ budhaḥ / snāyānnadīṣu suddhāsu śaucaṃ kṛtvā yathāvidhi

Wenn die Zeit der Morgenröte gekommen ist, soll der Weise—nachdem er die notwendigen Pflichten vollzogen hat—in reinen Flüssen baden und gemäß der Vorschrift die Reinigung (śauca) vollenden.

uṣaḥ-kāleat dawn
uṣaḥ-kāle:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootuṣas (प्रातिपदिक) + kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; tatpuruṣa ‘at dawn-time’
athathen
atha:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatha (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, sequential particle (अनन्तरार्थक)
saṃprāptewhen it has arrived
saṃprāpte:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/locative absolute)
TypeAdjective
Rootsam-pra-āp (धातु) + prāpta (कृत्)
FormPast passive participle (क्त-कृदन्त) used locative absolute; Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; ‘when (dawn-time) has arrived’
kṛtvāhaving done
kṛtvā:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootkṛ (धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा), ‘having done’
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, conjunction
āvaśyakamthe necessary duty
āvaśyakam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootāvaśyaka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; ‘necessary (act)’
budhaḥthe wise man
budhaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbudha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
snāyātshould bathe
snāyāt:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootsnā (धातु)
FormOptative (विधिलिङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular; parasmaipada
nadīṣuin rivers
nadīṣu:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootnadī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Plural
śuddhāsupure
śuddhāsu:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootśuddha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Plural; agrees with nadīṣu
śaucampurification/cleanliness
śaucam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootśauca (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular
kṛtvāhaving done
kṛtvā:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootkṛ (धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा), ‘having done’
yathā-vidhiaccording to the prescribed rule
yathā-vidhi:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (अव्यय) + vidhi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAvyayībhāva used adverbially; indeclinable phrase ‘according to rule’

Traditional narration (Purāṇic instruction delivered within the Kurma Purana’s dharma-upadeśa context; commonly attributed to the teaching voice aligned with Lord Kūrma’s guidance)

Primary Rasa: shanta

Ś
Śauca
N
Nadī (sacred rivers)
Ā
Āvaśyaka-karma

FAQs

It does not define Ātman directly; it teaches śauca and disciplined dawn-practice as a foundational purification that supports later yogic knowledge of the Self in the Kurma Purana’s broader teaching.

The verse highlights preparatory sādhana—early rising, obligatory āvaśyaka-karmas, bathing, and śauca—which function as outer purity (bahir-śuddhi) supporting inner purity required for mantra, dhyāna, and Pāśupata-oriented restraint.

It presents shared dharma discipline rather than sectarian difference: śauca and āhnika are common foundations for both Śaiva-Pāśupata and Vaiṣṇava devotion in the Kurma Purana’s synthesis.