Shloka 42

Karma-yoga Discipline for the Twice-born: Upanayana, Upavīta Conduct, Guru-veneration, and Alms-regimen

Devanagari script

येनरा भर्तृपिण्डार्थं स्वान् प्राणान् संत्यजन्ति हि / तेषामथाक्षयांल्लोकान् प्रोवाच भगवान् मनुः

Transliteration

yenarā bhartṛpiṇḍārthaṃ svān prāṇān saṃtyajanti hi / teṣāmathākṣayāṃllokān provāca bhagavān manuḥ

Translation

Jene Frauen, die um der piṇḍa-Gabe für ihren Gatten willen sogar ihr eigenes Leben hingeben, von ihnen verkündete der erhabene Manu, dass sie unvergängliche Welten erlangen.

Word by Word

• येन: by which, because of which
• येन: Hetu/Karaṇa (हेतु/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; तृतीया-विभक्ति (हेतु/करण), एकवचन

• नराḥ: men
• नराḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• भर्तृ-पिण्ड-अर्थम्: for the sake of the husband’s funeral offering (piṇḍa)
• भर्तृ-पिण्ड-अर्थम्: Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhartṛ (प्रातिपदिक) + piṇḍa (प्रातिपदिक) + artha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (भर्तुः पिण्डस्य अर्थः/निमित्तम्); नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; प्रयोजनार्थे (purpose)

• स्वान्: their own
• स्वान्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषणं प्राणान् प्रति

• प्राणान्: lives, vital breaths
• प्राणान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• संत्यजन्ति: give up, abandon
• संत्यजन्ति: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-√tyaj (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (present); प्रथम-पुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

• हि: indeed
• हि: Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्धबोधक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निश्चयार्थक (indeed)

• तेषाम्: of them
• तेषाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी-विभक्ति (सम्बन्ध), बहुवचन

• अथ: then
• अथ: Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्धबोधक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atha (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अनन्तर/प्रस्ताव (then/now)

• अक्षयान्: imperishable
• अक्षयान्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: akṣaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषणं लोकान् प्रति

• लोकान्: worlds/realms
• लोकान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: loka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• प्रोवाच: declared, said
• प्रोवाच: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-√vac (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (perfect); प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• भगवान्: the venerable/lordly
• भगवान्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bhagavat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषणं मनुः प्रति

• मनुः: Manu
• मनुः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: manu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

Speaker

Narrator citing Manu’s declaration (Manu as authoritative voice on dharma)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Characters & Entities

• Manu
• Piṇḍa
• Śrāddha

More Details (3 sections)

FAQs

How does this verse explain the nature of the Supreme Self (Atman)?

It does not directly define Ātman; it frames a dharma result (akṣaya-loka) gained through extreme sacrificial fidelity connected to śrāddha and ancestral duty.

What Yoga or Meditative practices are highlighted here?

No explicit yoga practice is taught in this verse; the emphasis is karmic-dharma—ritual duty and self-sacrifice—rather than Pāśupata-yoga or contemplative methods.

How does this verse depict the relationship between Shiva and Vishnu?

This verse is not a Shaiva–Vaishnava synthesis passage; it sits in a dharma/śrāddha context where Manu’s authority is invoked, without explicit mention of Śiva or Viṣṇu.