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Kurma Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 66

Dakṣa’s Progeny, Nṛsiṃha–Varāha Avatāras, and Andhaka’s Defeat

Hari–Hara–Śakti Synthesis

कथं देवो महादेवः शाश्वतः कालवर्जितः / कालेन हन्यते विष्णुः कालात्मा कालरूपधृक्

kathaṃ devo mahādevaḥ śāśvataḥ kālavarjitaḥ / kālena hanyate viṣṇuḥ kālātmā kālarūpadhṛk

Wie kann Mahādeva, der Große Gott, ewig und jenseits der Zeit sein—und doch wird gesagt, Viṣṇu, dessen Wesen selbst Zeit ist und der die Gestalt der Zeit trägt, werde von der Zeit niedergestreckt?

कथम्how?
कथम्:
Prashna (प्रश्न/Interrogative)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkatham (अव्यय)
Formप्रश्नार्थक-अव्यय (interrogative adverb)
देवःthe god
देवः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootdeva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
महादेवःMahādeva (the great god)
महादेवः:
Samānādhikaraṇa (समानाधिकरण/Apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootmahā + deva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्मधारय-समास (विशेषण-विशेष्य)
शाश्वतःeternal
शाश्वतः:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootśāśvata (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषण
कालवर्जितःdevoid of time; beyond time
कालवर्जितः:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootkāla + varjita (प्रातिपदिक; कृदन्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (क्त/PPP) √वर्ज् (धातु) ‘to avoid’; तत्पुरुष-समास (काल-सम्बन्ध)
कालेनby time
कालेन:
Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootkāla (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन
हन्यतेis slain / is killed
हन्यते:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Root√han (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), कर्मणि-प्रयोग (Passive), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd), एकवचन
विष्णुःViṣṇu
विष्णुः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootviṣṇu (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
कालात्माwhose essence is time
कालात्मा:
Samānādhikaraṇa (समानाधिकरण/Apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootkāla + ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (षष्ठी/सम्बन्ध: ‘कालस्य आत्मा’/whose essence is time)
कालरूपधृक्bearer of the form of time
कालरूपधृक्:
Samānādhikaraṇa (समानाधिकरण/Apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootkāla + rūpa + dhṛk (प्रातिपदिक; कृदन्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; धृक् = धृ (धातु √धृ) + क्विप् (agent noun) ‘holder’; तत्पुरुष-समास (‘कालरूपं धत्ते’)

A questioning sage (inquiry within the Kurma Purana dialogue frame)

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

M
Mahadeva (Shiva)
V
Vishnu
K
Kala (Time)

FAQs

It raises the key metaphysical problem of how the truly eternal (beyond kāla) can be described with time-bound predicates like “slain,” pushing the reader toward the distinction between the timeless Self and time-governed manifestations.

This verse functions as viveka (discriminative inquiry): a contemplative analysis of kāla versus the kāla-transcendent reality, which supports yogic detachment from temporality and identification with the timeless principle.

By juxtaposing Śiva as beyond time and Viṣṇu as time-embodied, it frames complementary aspects of one supreme reality—transcendence and immanence—typical of the Kurma Purana’s Shaiva–Vaishnava synthesis.