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Shloka 2

The Six Dvīpas Beyond Jambūdvīpa and the Cosmic Boundary of Lokāloka

जम्बूद्वीपोऽयं यावत्प्रमाणविस्तारस्तावता क्षारोदधिना परिवेष्टितो यथा मेरुर्जम्ब्वाख्येन लवणोदधिरपि ततो द्विगुणविशालेन प्लक्षाख्येन परिक्षिप्तो यथा परिखा बाह्योपवनेन । प्लक्षो जम्बूप्रमाणो द्वीपाख्याकरो हिरण्मय उत्थितो यत्राग्निरुपास्ते सप्तजिह्वस्तस्याधिपति: प्रियव्रतात्मज इध्मजिह्व: स्वं द्वीपं सप्तवर्षाणि विभज्य सप्तवर्षनामभ्य आत्मजेभ्य आकलय्य स्वयमात्मयोगेनोपरराम ॥ २ ॥

jambūdvīpo ’yaṁ yāvat-pramāṇa-vistāras tāvatā kṣārodadhinā pariveṣṭito yathā merur jambv-ākhyena lavaṇodadhir api tato dvi-guṇa-viśālena plakṣākhyena parikṣipto yathā parikhā bāhyopavanena; plakṣo jambū-pramāṇo dvīpākhyākaro hiraṇmaya utthito yatrāgnir upāste sapta-jihvas tasyādhipatiḥ priyavratātmaja idhmajihvaḥ svaṁ dvīpaṁ sapta-varṣāṇi vibhajya sapta-varṣa-nāmabhya ātmajebhya ākalayya svayam ātma-yogenopararāma.

Jambūdvīpa ist von einem Ozean salzigen Wassers (kṣāra-udadhi) umgeben, dessen Breite der Ausdehnung Jambūdvīpas entspricht. Dieser Salzozean wird wiederum von Plakṣadvīpa umschlossen, das doppelt so breit ist—wie ein Burggraben, der außen von einem gartenähnlichen Wald umgeben wird. Plakṣadvīpa ist Jambūdvīpa an Maß gleich; dort erhebt sich ein Plakṣa-Baum, golden schimmernd, und an seiner Wurzel wird ein Feuer mit sieben Zungen verehrt. Herrscher dieser Insel war Idhmajihva, ein Sohn des Mahārāja Priyavrata. Er teilte seine Insel in sieben Varṣas, benannte sie nach seinen sieben Söhnen, wies ihnen ihre Anteile zu und zog sich dann durch innere Yoga-Übung zurück, um sich dem hingebungsvollen Dienst am Herrn zu widmen.

jambūdvīpaḥJambūdvīpa
jambūdvīpaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Topic)
TypeNoun
Rootjambūdvīpa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
ayamthis
ayam:
Karta-sahacara (कर्ता-सहचर/Deictic)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; demonstrative pronoun
yāvat-pramāṇa-vistāraḥhaving such-and-such extent of measure
yāvat-pramāṇa-vistāraḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootyāvat-pramāṇa-vistāra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; adjective to jambūdvīpaḥ; tatpuruṣa chain: yāvat + pramāṇa + vistāra
tāvatāby that much
tāvatā:
Pramāṇa (प्रमाण/Measure modifier)
TypeAdjective
Roottāvat (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुṁsaka/puṁliṅga instrumental singular used adverbially; Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana; correlating with yāvat
kṣāra-udadhi-nāby the salt ocean
kṣāra-udadhi-nā:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootkṣāra-udadhi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: kṣāra + udadhi
pariveṣṭitaḥis surrounded
pariveṣṭitaḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicative)
TypeVerb
Rootpari-veṣṭ (धातु)
FormKta (PPP), Puṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; predicate of jambūdvīpaḥ
yathājust as
yathā:
Upamāna-sūcaka (उपमानसूचक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (comparative ‘just as’)
meruḥMount Meru
meruḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmeru (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
jambū-ākhyenacalled Jambū
jambū-ākhyena:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootjambū-ākhya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: jambū + ākhya (‘named Jambū’)
lavaṇa-udadhiḥthe salt ocean
lavaṇa-udadhiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootlavaṇa-udadhi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
apialso
api:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (particle: also/even)
tataḥthereafter/from that
tataḥ:
Apādāna/Anukrama (अपादान/अनुक्रम)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottataḥ (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (ablatival adverb): ‘from that/thereafter’
dvi-guṇa-viśālenaby (one) twice as broad
dvi-guṇa-viśālena:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdvi-guṇa-viśāla (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa chain: dvi + guṇa + viśāla (‘twice as wide’)
plakṣa-ākhyenacalled Plakṣa
plakṣa-ākhyena:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootplakṣa-ākhya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana; ‘named Plakṣa’
parikṣiptaḥis encircled
parikṣiptaḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicative)
TypeVerb
Rootpari-kṣip (धातु)
FormKta (PPP), Puṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; predicate (of lavaṇodadhiḥ understood)
yathāas
yathā:
Upamāna-sūcaka (उपमानसूचक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (अव्यय)
FormComparative indeclinable
parikhāa moat
parikhā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootparikhā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
bāhya-upavanenaby an outer grove
bāhya-upavanena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootbāhya-upavana (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुṁsaka/puṁliṅga, Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana; karmadhāraya: bāhya + upavana (‘outer garden/grove’)
plakṣaḥPlakṣa (island)
plakṣaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Topic)
TypeNoun
Rootplakṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
jambū-pramāṇaḥequal in size to Jambū
jambū-pramāṇaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootjambū-pramāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; adjective to plakṣaḥ; tatpuruṣa: jambū + pramāṇa (‘of Jambū’s measure’)
dvīpa-ākhyā-karaḥthe name-giver of the island
dvīpa-ākhyā-karaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdvīpa-ākhyā-kara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: dvīpa + ākhyā + kara (‘giving the island its name’)
hiraṇmayaḥgolden
hiraṇmayaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roothiraṇmaya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; adjective to plakṣaḥ
utthitaḥarose/stands
utthitaḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootut-sthā (धातु)
FormKta (PPP), Puṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; predicate of plakṣaḥ
yatrawhere
yatra:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Relative location)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyatra (अव्यय)
FormRelative adverb (locative): ‘where’
agniḥfire (Agni)
agniḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootagni (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
upāsteworships/serves
upāste:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootupa-ās (धातु)
FormLaṭ (present), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana, Ātmanepada
sapta-jihvaḥseven-tongued
sapta-jihvaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsapta-jihva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; dvigu: sapta + jihvā; adjective to agniḥ
tasyaof that (island)
tasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormṢaṣṭhī, Ekavacana
adhipatiḥthe ruler
adhipatiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Topic)
TypeNoun
Rootadhipati (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
priyavrata-ātmajaḥson of Priyavrata
priyavrata-ātmajaḥ:
Apposition (समानाधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootpriyavrata-ātmaja (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: priyavrata + ātmaja
idhmajihvaḥIdhmajihva
idhmajihvaḥ:
Apposition (समानाधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootidhma-jihva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; proper name; tatpuruṣa: idhma + jihvā
svamhis own
svam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुṁsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; possessive adjective to dvīpam
dvīpamisland
dvīpam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootdvīpa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुṁsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana
sapta-varṣāṇiseven regions (varṣas)
sapta-varṣāṇi:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsapta-varṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुṁsaka, Dvitīyā, Bahuvacana; dvigu: sapta + varṣa
vibhajyahaving divided
vibhajya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvi-bhaj (धातु)
FormAbsolutive (ktvā/lyap), ‘having divided’
sapta-varṣa-nāmabhyaḥto (his sons) bearing the names of the seven regions
sapta-varṣa-nāmabhyaḥ:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान/Recipient)
TypeAdjective
Rootsapta-varṣa-nāman (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Caturthī vibhakti (dative, 4th), Bahuvacana; tatpuruṣa chain: sapta + varṣa + nāman; used with ātmajebhyaḥ
ātmajebhyaḥto (his) sons
ātmajebhyaḥ:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootātmaja (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Caturthī, Bahuvacana
ākalayyahaving allotted
ākalayya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootā-kal (धातु)
FormAbsolutive (ktvā/lyap), ‘having assigned/apportioned’
svayamhimself
svayam:
Kartṛ-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsvayam (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (reflexive adverb): ‘himself’
ātma-yogenaby self-yoga (spiritual discipline)
ātma-yogena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootātma-yoga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: ātma + yoga
upararāmaretired/ceased (from rule)
upararāma:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootupa-ram (धातु)
FormLiṭ-lakāra (perfect), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana, Parasmaipada; meaning ‘ceased/retired’
M
Mount Meru
A
Agni (Saptajihva)
P
Priyavrata
I
Idhmajihva

FAQs

In Canto 5, Chapter 20, the Bhagavatam explains that Jambūdvīpa is surrounded by a salt ocean of equal breadth, and beyond it lies Plakṣa-dvīpa, which is twice as expansive and golden in appearance.

The verse identifies the fire-god as “Saptajihva,” meaning “seven-tongued,” describing Agni’s seven flames/tongues as he is worshiped on Plakṣa-dvīpa.

After responsibly delegating duties, Idhmajihva withdraws through ātma-yoga, teaching that leadership should culminate in detachment and inner spiritual practice rather than lifelong attachment to power.