Guṇa-vibhāga: The Three Modes and the Path Beyond Them
यदा जयेद् रज: सत्त्वं तमो मूढं लयं जडम् । युज्येत शोकमोहाभ्यां निद्रयाहिंसयाशया ॥ १५ ॥
yadā jayed rajaḥ sattvaṁ tamo mūḍhaṁ layaṁ jaḍam yujyeta śoka-mohābhyāṁ nidrayā hiṁsayāśayā
Wenn die Erscheinungsweise der Unwissenheit (tamas), dumpf und träge, Leidenschaft und Güte besiegt, verhüllt sie das Bewusstsein und macht den Menschen töricht und stumpf. In Kummer und Verblendung versunken, schläft er übermäßig, klammert sich an falsche Hoffnungen und zeigt Gewalt gegen andere.
This verse explains that when passion defeats goodness and ignorance covers clarity, a person becomes dull and is bound by grief and illusion, living under the impulses of sleep, violence, and craving.
Śukadeva instructs Parīkṣit on how material nature binds the mind through the gunas, so the king can recognize degrading tendencies and fix his consciousness on liberation through devotion.
Notice when agitation and compulsive desire eclipse clarity; reduce habits that increase dullness (excess sleep, harshness, addictive craving) and choose practices that restore sattva and support bhakti—truthfulness, self-control, and remembrance of the Lord.