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Shloka 20

Kṛṣṇa’s Queens, Their Sons, and Balarāma’s Victory over Rukmī at Dice

Aniruddha–Rocanā Marriage Context

श्रीराजोवाच कथं रुक्‍म्यरीपुत्राय प्रादाद् दुहितरं युधि । कृष्णेन परिभूतस्तं हन्तुं रन्ध्रं प्रतीक्षते । एतदाख्याहि मे विद्वन् द्विषोर्वैवाहिकं मिथ: ॥ २० ॥

śrī-rājovāca kathaṁ rukmy arī-putrāya prādād duhitaraṁ yudhi kṛṣṇena paribhūtas taṁ hantuṁ randhraṁ pratīkṣate etad ākhyāhi me vidvan dviṣor vaivāhikaṁ mithaḥ

König Parīkṣit sprach: Wie konnte Rukmī seine Tochter dem Sohn seines Feindes geben? Von Kṛṣṇa im Kampf gedemütigt, wartete er doch auf eine Gelegenheit, Ihn zu töten. O Gelehrter, erkläre mir: Wie wurden diese beiden feindlichen Parteien durch die Ehe vereint?

śrī-rājāthe king (Parīkṣit)
śrī-rājā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootśrī + rājā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga (masc.), Prathamā vibhakti (Nom. 1st), Ekavacana (sg.); epithet ‘the venerable king’
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
FormLiṭ-lakāra (Perfect), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana (sg.), Parasmaipada
kathamhow?
katham:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkatham (अव्यय)
FormPraśna-avyaya (interrogative adverb)
rukmīRukmī
rukmī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootrukmin (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga (masc.), Prathamā vibhakti (Nom. 1st), Ekavacana (sg.)
arī-putrāyato the son of (his) enemy
arī-putrāya:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootari + putra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga (masc.), Caturthī vibhakti (Dat. 4th), Ekavacana (sg.); samāsa: ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa ‘to (his) enemy’s son’
prādātgave
prādāt:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootdā (धातु)
FormLaṅ-lakāra (Imperfect/past), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana (sg.), Parasmaipada; upasarga: pra-
duhitaramdaughter
duhitaram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootduhitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga (fem.), Dvitīyā vibhakti (Acc. 2nd), Ekavacana (sg.)
yudhiin battle
yudhi:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootyudh (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga (fem.), Saptamī vibhakti (Loc. 7th), Ekavacana (sg.)
kṛṣṇenaby Kṛṣṇa
kṛṣṇena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootkṛṣṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga (masc.), Tṛtīyā vibhakti (Instr. 3rd), Ekavacana (sg.)
paribhūtaḥhumiliated/defeated
paribhūtaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootpari + bhū (धातु)
FormKta-pratyaya past passive participle (क्त), Puṁliṅga (masc.), Prathamā (Nom.), Ekavacana; karmaṇi-prayoga sense ‘having been humiliated’
tamhim
tam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga (masc.), Dvitīyā vibhakti (Acc. 2nd), Ekavacana (sg.)
hantumto kill
hantum:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन/Infinitive purpose)
TypeVerb
Roothan (धातु)
FormTumun-anta infinitive (तुमुन्), ‘to kill’
randhraman opening, a weak point
randhram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootrandhra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुṁsaka-liṅga (neut.), Dvitīyā vibhakti (Acc. 2nd), Ekavacana (sg.)
pratīkṣatewaits for, looks for
pratīkṣate:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootprati + īkṣ (धातु)
FormLaṭ-lakāra (Present), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana (sg.), Ātmanepada
etatthis
etat:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootetad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुṁsaka-liṅga (neut.), Dvitīyā vibhakti (Acc. 2nd), Ekavacana (sg.)
ākhyāhitell, explain
ākhyāhi:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootā + khyā (धातु)
FormLoṭ-lakāra (Imperative), Madhyama-puruṣa (2nd), Ekavacana (sg.), Parasmaipada
meto me
me:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormṢaṣṭhī vibhakti (Gen. 6th) / Caturthī (Dat. 4th) Ekavacana; here dative sense ‘to me’
vidvanO learned one
vidvan:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootvidvas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga (masc.), Sambodhana (Vocative), Ekavacana (sg.)
dviṣoḥof the two enemies
dviṣoḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootdviṣ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga (masc.), Ṣaṣṭhī vibhakti (Gen. 6th), Dvivacana (du.)
vaivāhikamthe marriage-related matter/affair
vaivāhikam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvaivāhika (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुṁsaka-liṅga (neut.), Dvitīyā vibhakti (Acc. 2nd), Ekavacana (sg.)
mithaḥmutually, between each other
mithaḥ:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootmithaḥ (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (adverb), paraspara-vācaka ‘mutually/between themselves’
P
Parīkṣit
R
Rukmī
K
Kṛṣṇa

FAQs

This verse records Parīkṣit’s doubt: despite Rukmī’s hostility and humiliation by Kṛṣṇa, he still arranged a marriage alliance with an enemy’s son—showing how political strategy can override personal enmity.

It highlights Rukmī’s deep resentment—he felt dishonored by Kṛṣṇa and continued to wait for a vulnerable moment to take revenge.

It cautions that unresolved humiliation and envy can turn into long-term obsession, and that outward alliances may hide inner hostility—so one should seek inner purification rather than revenge.