Sutra 3

Devanagari script

शिक्षा कल्पो व्याकरणं निरुक्तं छन्दोविचितिर्ज्योतिषमिति चाङ्गानि ॥ कZ_०१.३.०३ ॥

Transliteration

śikṣā kalpo vyākaraṇaṃ niruktaṃ chandovicitir jyotiṣam iti cāṅgāni

Translation

Phonetik (śikṣā), Ritualverfahren (kalpa), Grammatik (vyākaraṇa), Etymologie/semantische Erklärung (nirukta), Metrik/Prosodie (chandoviciti) und Astronomie/Astrologie (jyotiṣa) — dies sind die Hilfsdisziplinen (Vedāṅgas).

Word by Word

• शिक्षा: phonetics; the discipline of correct pronunciation (śikṣā)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिक्ष्
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचनम्

• कल्पः: ritual procedure; the discipline of kalpa
• Type: Noun
• Root: कॢप्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचनम्

• व्याकरणम्: grammar (vyākaraṇa)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृ (with वि + आ)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचनम्

• निरुक्तम्: etymology/lexicography (nirukta)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वच् (with निर् + उत्)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचनम्

• छन्दः-विचितिः: metrics/prosody; analysis of metres (chandas-viciti)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विचि (with वि)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचनम्; समासः—षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (छन्दसाम् विचितिः)

• ज्योतिषम्: astronomy/astrology (jyotiṣa)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्योतिस्
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचनम्

• इति: thus; ‘so’ (marking the end of an enumeration)
• Type: Particle
• Root: इति
• Form: अव्यय; उद्धरण/समाप्त्यर्थकः

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थकः

• अङ्गानि: limbs/auxiliaries (i.e., the Vedāṅgas)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अङ्ग
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचनम्

More Details

FAQs

What is the strategic objective (Artha) of this verse?

To specify the auxiliary knowledge base that underpins disciplined learning and precise communication, enabling reliable instruction, interpretation, and execution of state directives.

How does this apply to modern governance?

It parallels the need for administrative literacy: clear language standards (grammar/semantics), codified procedures (kalpa), and robust time-reckoning systems (calendrics) that reduce ambiguity, errors, and compliance failures in public administration.

What is the specific duty of the ruler/official mentioned?

No specific official is named; the implied duty is that the ruler and trained officials must master or institutionalize these supporting disciplines to ensure accurate policy drafting, interpretation, training, and implementation.