Sutra 9

Devanagari script

अनभिसरतां द्वादशपणो दण्डः अन्यत्र प्लवहीनेभ्यः ॥ कZ_०४.३.०९ ॥

Transliteration

anabhisaratāṃ dvādaśapaṇo daṇḍaḥ anyatra plavahīnebhyaḥ

Translation

Wer keine Hilfe leistet, wird mit zwölf Paṇas bestraft—ausgenommen diejenigen, denen Mittel zum Schwimmen/Flottieren fehlen.

Word by Word

• अनभिसरताम्: of those who do not approach/turn up (do not present themselves)
• Type: Verb (participial form used substantively)
• Root: अभि-√सृ (सरणे)
• Form: नकार-प्रत्यययुक्तः वर्तमानकाले कृदन्तः; नञ्-पूर्वकः; शतृ-प्रत्यय (अभिसरत्) → अनभिसरत्; षष्ठी-बहुवचनम् (अनभिसरताम् = of those who do not approach/consort)

• द्वादशपणः: (a fine of) twelve paṇas
• Type: Noun (numeral + measure noun)
• Root: द्वादश + पण
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; प्रथमा-एकवचनम्; ‘दण्डः’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• दण्डः: penalty; fine
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; प्रथमा-एकवचनम्; विधेयम् (is the penalty/fine)

• अन्यत्र: except; otherwise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अन्यत्र
• Form: अव्ययम्; अपवाद/अपवादस्थाननिर्देशार्थम् (except/elsewhere)

• प्लवहीनेभ्यः: for those who are without a raft/boat
• Type: Noun/Adjective (bahuvrihi-like adjectival compound used as substantive)
• Root: प्लव + हीन
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे/नपुंसकलिङ्गे बहुवचन-चतुर्थी/पञ्चमी (भ्यस्-प्रत्यय); ‘अन्यत्र …भ्यः’ = except from/except for those lacking a raft/boat

Entities Mentioned

• daṇḍa (penalty)
• paṇa (currency unit)
• plava (float/means)

More Details

FAQs

What policy principle is embedded in the exception clause?

Proportionality and feasibility: the state compels aid but exempts those who cannot safely help due to lack of flotation means.