Sutra 2

Devanagari script

तेषां नदीपर्वतदुर्गं जनपदारक्षस्थानम् धान्वनवनदुर्गमटवीस्थानमापद्यपसारो वा ॥ कZ_०२.३.०२ ॥

Transliteration

teṣāṃ nadīparvatadurgaṃ janapadārakṣasthānam dhānvanavanadurgamaṭavīsthānam āpadyapasāro vā

Translation

Für solche (Festungen/Regionen) soll es geben: eine Flussfestung oder eine Bergfestung; geschützte Stationen für das Land; und im Notfall den Rückzug zu Wüstenfestungen, Waldfestungen oder Wald-(āṭavī)-Stationen.

Word by Word

• तेषाम्: of them / among them
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: षष्ठी-बहुवचनम् (Genitive plural), सर्वनाम

• नदी: river
• Type: Noun
• Root: नदी
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (Nominative singular), स्त्रीलिङ्ग

• पर्वत: mountain
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर्वत
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (Nominative singular), पुल्लिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग (contextually as member of compound)

• दुर्गम्: fort / fortress
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुर्ग
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (Nominative singular), नपुंसकलिङ्ग; in context: ‘(a) fort (of the types: river-, mountain-)’

• जनपद: country/territory (janapada)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जनपद
• Form: षष्ठी-एकवचनम् (Genitive singular) as first member in compound

• रक्ष: protection / guarding
• Type: Noun (action noun)
• Root: रक्ष्
• Form: as first member in compound; from √रक्ष् ‘to protect’ (रक्षा/रक्षण sense)

• स्थानम्: station/post/place (for protection)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्थान
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (Nominative singular), नपुंसकलिङ्ग; compound: जनपद-रक्ष-स्थानम् = ‘place/post for protecting the janapada’

• धान्वन: desert (tract)
• Type: Adjective/Noun
• Root: धान्वन
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (Nominative singular), नपुंसकलिङ्ग; ‘desert-like / sandy tract’

• वन: forest
• Type: Noun
• Root: वन
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (Nominative singular), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (as member of compound)

• दुर्गम्: fort / fortress
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुर्ग
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (Nominative singular), नपुंसकलिङ्ग; ‘forest-fort / desert-fort’ by context

• अटवी: wild forest / jungle
• Type: Noun
• Root: अटवी
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (Nominative singular), स्त्रीलिङ्ग (as member of compound)

• स्थानम्: station/outpost (in the forest)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्थान
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (Nominative singular), नपुंसकलिङ्ग; ‘a station/settlement in the forest (aṭavī)’

• आपद्य: having resorted to / having reached
• Type: Gerund (Absolutive)
• Root: आपद्
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (ल्यप्/क्त्वा sense): ‘having reached/entered (a place)’

• अपसारः: withdrawal / retreat
• Type: Noun
• Root: अपसार
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (Nominative singular), पुल्लिङ्ग

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक अव्यय

Entities Mentioned

• nadīdurga
• parvatadurga
• janapada (countryside)
• dhānvanadurga
• vanadurga
• āṭavī (wilderness/forest)

More Details

FAQs

What modern strategic principle is reflected here?

Defense-in-depth with continuity planning: layered strongholds plus designated fallback locations to preserve forces and administration during crisis.