Sutra 32

Devanagari script

तदुभयं तापनिकषाभ्यां निह्शब्दोल्लेखनाभ्यां वा विद्यात् ॥ कZ_०२.१४.३२ ॥

Transliteration

tad ubhayaṃ tāpanikaṣābhyāṃ nihśabdollekhanābhyāṃ vā vidyāt

Translation

Beide Arten sind durch Erhitzen und durch die Prüfung am Probierstein (touchstone) zu erkennen oder durch geräuschloses Schaben und Gravieren als Tests.

Word by Word

• तत्: that
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम)
• Form: सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन; प्रथमा/द्वितीया (सन्दर्भे ‘तद्-उभयम्’ इति समासस्य पूर्वपदम्)

• उभयम्: both (of the two)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उभय (विशेषण/सर्वनामसदृश)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन; प्रथमा/द्वितीया; ‘तदुभयम्’ इति कर्म/विषयः

• तापनिकषाभ्याम्: by heating and by the touchstone test
• Type: Noun
• Root: तापन + निकष
• Form: समासः: तापन-निकष (द्वन्द्व); तृतीया-विभक्ति; द्विवचन; साधनकरणे (‘by heating and by touchstone/testing on a touchstone’)

• निःशब्दोल्लेखनाभ्याम्: by the silent test and by scraping/marking (test)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निःशब्द + उल्लेखन
• Form: समासः: निःशब्द-उल्लेखन (द्वन्द्व); तृतीया-विभक्ति; द्विवचन; साधनकरणे (‘by silent (test) and by scraping/marking’)

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: अव्यय; विकल्पार्थक (either/or)

• विद्यात्: one should ascertain/know
• Type: Verb
• Root: विद् (ज्ञान)
• Form: लोट्/विधिलिङ् (आज्ञार्थ/विध्यर्थ); परस्मैपदम्; प्रथमपुरुष; एकवचन; धातुः: विद्; अर्थः ‘जान्यात्/निर्णीयात्’

Entities Mentioned

• heating test
• touchstone test
• scraping test
• engraving test

More Details

FAQs

Why combine multiple tests (heat, touchstone, scraping)?

Because surface treatments (leaf, polish, color enhancement) can defeat any single method; layered verification reduces false acceptance.

What is the policy takeaway for treasury administration?

Institutionalize standardized assay procedures and require objective tests (not mere appearance) before accepting, storing, or paying out precious metals.