Sutra 1
Devanagari script
कामादिरुत्सेकः स्वाः प्रकृतीः कोपयति अपनयो बाह्याः ॥ कZ_०९.७.०१ ॥
Transliteration
kāmādir utsekaḥ svāḥ prakṛtīḥ kopayati apanayo bāhyāḥ
Translation
Arrogant excess born of desire and the like enrages one’s own constituents (prakṛtis) and drives away external supporters.
Word by Word
कामादिःone whose beginning is desire; desire etc. (as the starting cause)
कामादिः:
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; समासः—कामः आदिः यस्य (काम-आदि)
उत्सेकःarrogance, insolence, overbearing pride
उत्सेकः:
TypeNoun
Rootउत्सेक
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन
स्वाःone’s own
स्वाः:
TypeAdjective/Pronoun
Rootस्व
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-बहुवचन; प्रकृतीः इति विशेषणम्
प्रकृतीःconstituent elements (of the state); one’s own state-factors
प्रकृतीः:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकृति
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-बहुवचन; कर्मपदम्
कोपयतिprovokes to anger; enrages
कोपयति:
TypeVerb
Rootकुप् (कोपयति)
Formलट्; परस्मैपदम्; प्रथम-पुरुष; एकवचन; णिच् (causative) प्रयोगः
अपनयःloss, removal, alienation
अपनयः:
TypeNoun
Rootअपनय
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; (अर्थे—अपगमन/विनाश/हानि)
बाह्याःexternal (persons/enemies); outsiders
बाह्याः:
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootबाह्य
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन; (जनाः/शत्रवः इति अध्याहारः)
Entities Mentioned
P
prakṛti (constituents of the state)B
bāhya (external supporters)FAQs
The core state-elements—king/leadership, ministers, territory/people, fortified centers, treasury, army, and allies—i.e., the regime’s functional base.
Private vices translate into public costs: leader arrogance can simultaneously trigger internal dissent and external desertion.