Agni Purana — Kosha, Shloka 31
Adhyāya 361 — अव्ययवर्गः
Avyaya-vargaḥ) — The Section on Indeclinables (Colophon/Closure
प्रत्ययो ऽधीनशपथज्ञानविश्वासहेतुषु समयाः शपथाचारकालसिद्धान्तसंविदः
pratyayo 'dhīnaśapathajñānaviśvāsahetuṣu samayāḥ śapathācārakālasiddhāntasaṃvidaḥ
„Pratyaya“ (Grund der Gewissheit/Beweis) wird gebraucht in Bezug auf Abhängigkeit (von einem anderen), Eid, Erkenntnis und Vertrauen (als Ursachen). „Samaya“ (Übereinkunft/Pakt) bezeichnet ein festgelegtes Einvernehmen: Eid, Brauch und Sitte, Zeit (als Bestimmung), etablierte Lehre sowie gegenseitigen Vertrag.
Lord Agni (teaching to Vasiṣṭha in the Agni Purana’s dharma/vyavahāra discourse)
Vidya Category: {"primary_vidya":"Dharmashastra","secondary_vidya":"Arthashastra","practical_application":"Drafting and interpreting legal proofs, oaths, and agreements in disputes—clarifying what counts as pratyaya (ground of conviction) and samaya (compact/settlement).","sutra_style":true}
Encyclopedic Reference: {"reference_type":"Definition","entry_title":"Legal Terms: pratyaya (proof/ground of trust) and samaya (agreement/compact)","lookup_keywords":["pratyaya proof","samaya agreement","śapatha oath","saṃvid contract","vyavahāra"],"quick_summary":"Explains pratyaya as bases of conviction (dependence, oath, knowledge, trust) and samaya as settled stipulations (oath, custom, time clause, doctrine, mutual contract) used in adjudication."}
Concept: Social order depends on reliable pramāṇa-like grounds of trust and clearly framed agreements.
Application: Court procedure: classify evidence/assurance; frame contracts with custom, time limits, and mutual consent.
Khanda Section: Rajadharma & Vyavahara (Oaths, Contracts, Legal Proofs)
Primary Rasa: shanta
Secondary Rasa: vira
Type: Kingdom
Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"A royal courtroom: two litigants, a scribe recording saṃvid, a witness taking śapatha, and the judge weighing pratyaya—dependence, knowledge, and trust—before declaring a samaya-based settlement.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural, stylized rāja-sabhā with judge on throne, witness raising hand for oath, palm-leaf contract, symmetrical composition, earthy reds and greens, strong outlines","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore, gilded throne room with king-judge, ornate pillars, scribe with manuscript, witness swearing oath, gold highlights on throne and documents","mysore_prompt":"Mysore painting, clear procedural scene: labeled elements ‘pratyaya’ and ‘samaya’, judge, scribe, litigants; fine lines, calm palette, instructional clarity","mughal_miniature_prompt":"Mughal miniature, detailed court of justice with qalam scribe, litigants presenting documents, witness oath gesture, judge attentive; architectural depth and textile detail"}
Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"instructional","suggested_raga":"Bhairavi","pace":"medium","voice_tone":"instructional"}
Sandhi Resolution Notes: प्रत्ययोऽधीन… = प्रत्ययः + अधीन… (visarga + vowel sandhi). Long compounds are treated as list-compounds ending in locative plural हेतुषु and nominative plural संविदः.
Related Themes: Agni Purana Rajadharma/Vyavahāra prakaraṇa around 361; Agni Purana sections on rāja-sabhā and daṇḍanīti
FAQs
It defines legal-technical terms: pratyaya as grounds for conviction/proof (dependence, oath, knowledge, trust) and samaya as forms of agreement (oath, custom, time stipulation, established doctrine, and contract).
Beyond myth and worship, the Agni Purana systematizes governance and jurisprudence by giving compact definitions used in dispute-resolution—showing its coverage of dharmaśāstra-style legal vocabulary alongside other sciences.
By clarifying the proper bases for proof and the binding nature of agreements (especially oaths and established custom), it supports truthful conduct and fair judgment—key dharmic duties that reduce adharma arising from false testimony and broken covenants.