Shukla Yajur Veda — Adhyaya 23, Mantra 30
Rishi: Yājñavalkya-tradition (Vājasaneyin redactional attribution)
Devata: Nindā/arthavāda (no single devatā; didactic social-theological statement)
Chandas: Anuṣṭubh-like (proverbial śloka cadence)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
यद्ध॑रि॒णो यव॒मत्ति॒ न पु॒ष्टं प॒शु मन्य॑ते । शू॒द्रा यदर्य॑जारा॒ न पोषा॑य धनायति
Transliteration
yád dharíṇo yavám átti ná púṣṭaṃ paśú́ mányate | śūdrā́ yád aryá-jārā́ ná póṣāya dhanāyati ||
Translation
যখন হরিণ যব খায়, তখন সে পুষ্ট পশুকে (নিজের) বলে মনে করে না। তেমনি শূদ্রেরা, যখন তারা আর্য (নারী)-র জার—পরপুরুষ—হয়, তখন তারা পোষণ/সমৃদ্ধির জন্য নয়, কেবল ধনলাভের জন্য লোভ করে।
Padapatha (Word Analysis)
यत् । हरिणः । यवम् । अत्ति । न । पुष्टम् । पशुम् । मन्यते । शूद्राः । यत् । अर्य-जाराः । न । पोषाय । धनायति
Word by Word
यत्which (that)
यत्:
सम्बन्ध/विशेषण (यत्-सम्बन्धः) / कर्म (यवम् इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) / यद्-शब्द
हरिणःthe deer/antelope
हरिणः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootहरिण (प्रातिपदिक)
यवम्barley
यवम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootयव (प्रातिपदिक)
अत्तिeats
अत्ति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootअद् (भक्षणे)
नnot
न:
निषेध
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (निषेध-अव्यय)
पुष्टम्well-nourished, thriving
पुष्टम्:
कर्म (पशुम् इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootपुष्ट (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √पुष् ‘पोषणे’ से)
पशुम्an animal (cattle/beast)
पशुम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootपशु (प्रातिपदिक)
मन्यतेconsiders, thinks
मन्यते:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootमन्/मन्य् (मन्यते ‘to think, consider’)
शूद्राःŚūdras
शूद्राः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
यत्when/that which
यत्:
सम्बन्ध/विशेषण (यद्-सम्बन्धः)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) / यद्-शब्द
अर्यजाराthe Arya’s paramour/lover (aryajārā)
अर्यजारा:
कर्तृ (अन्तर्भूत-उपमान/विशेष्य)
TypeNoun
Rootअर्यजारा (समास/प्रातिपदिक; ‘अर्य’ + ‘जारा’)
नlike/not (as)
न:
उपमा/निषेध (न … इव/वत्)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (निषेध-अव्यय)
पोषायfor nourishment/prosperity
पोषाय:
सम्प्रदान
TypeNoun
Rootपोष (प्रातिपदिक)
धनायतिseeks/desires wealth
धनायति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootधनाय् (धनायति ‘to desire/seek wealth’; नामधातु from धन)
Entities Mentioned
D
Dharma (R̥ta as normative order)P
Puṣṭi (Prosperity/Nourishment)N
Nindā/Arthavāda (didactic speech)Ritual Context
Viniyoga (Ritual Application)
Commentary Summary
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes