Rig Veda 7.88.3: Mandala 7, Sukta 88, Mantra 3

Sukta 7.88

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha

Devata: Varuṇa

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

आ यद्रुहाव वरुणश्च नावं प्र यत्समुद्रमीरयाव मध्यम् । अधि यदपां स्नुभिश्चराव प्र प्रेङ्ख ईङ्खयावहै शुभे कम् ॥

Transliteration

ā́ yád ruhā́va váruṇaś ca nā́vaṃ prá yát samudrám ī́rayāva mádhyam | adhí yád apā́ṃ snúbhis cárāva prá préṅkha īṅkhayāvahai śubhé kám ||

Translation

যখন বরুণ এবং আমি নৌকায় উঠলাম, যখন আমরা সমুদ্রকে তার মধ্যভাগে আন্দোলিত করলাম, যখন আমরা জলের স্ফীত স্রোতগুলির উপর বিচরণ করলাম—তখন অগ্রদিকে দোল খাওয়া আসনে আমরা শুভ আনন্দের জন্য দুলে-দুলে রইলাম।

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Word by Word

• आ: hither, forth (preverb)
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (upasarga)

• यत्: which, what
• यत्: Karma (of रुहाव)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (sarvanāma-stem)

• रुहाव: we two mounted/ascended
• रुहाव: Kartā (implicit ‘we two’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: रुह् (धातु)

• वरुणः: Varuṇa
• वरुणः: Kartā (with रुहाव, as companion/subject in dual sense)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वरुण (प्रातिपदिक)

• च: and
• च: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (avyaya)

• नावम्: boat, ship
• नावम्: Karma (object of रुहाव ‘mounted’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नौ/नाव् (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (upasarga/avyaya)

• यत्: when/that which
• यत्: Karma (of ईरयाव)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (sarvanāma-stem)

• समुद्रम्: ocean, sea
• समुद्रम्: Karma (goal/object with ईरयाव ‘set in motion toward/into’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: समुद्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• ईरयाव: we two set in motion / drove
• ईरयाव: Kartā (implicit ‘we two’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ईरय्/ईर् (धातु; causative sense ‘set in motion’)

• मध्यम्: the middle, midstream
• मध्यम्: Adhikaraṇa (spatial: ‘in the middle’)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: मध्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• अधि: upon, over
• अधि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अधि (upasarga/avyaya)

• यत्: when/that which
• यत्: Karma (of चराव)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (sarvanāma-stem)

• अपाम्: of the waters
• अपाम्: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (of स्नुभिः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप् (प्रातिपदिक)

• स्नुभिः: with the currents/streams
• स्नुभिः: Karaṇa (means: ‘with/by the streams/currents’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्नु/स्नु- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘current/stream/flow’, Vedic)

• चराव: we two moved/went
• चराव: Kartā (implicit ‘we two’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: चर् (धातु)

• प्र: forth
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (upasarga/avyaya)

• प्रेङ्खे: in rocking, in a swing
• प्रेङ्खे: Adhikaraṇa (manner/state)
• Type: Noun (locative) / Adverbial
• Root: प्रेङ्ख (प्रातिपदिक; ‘swinging/rocking’, Vedic) / √इङ्ख् (to swing) underlying

• ईङ्खयावहै: may we two cause (it) to rock/swing
• ईङ्खयावहै: Kartā (implicit ‘may we two…’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ईङ्खय् (denominative/causative from √इङ्ख् ‘to swing’)

• शुभे: in auspicious (state), auspiciously
• शुभे: Adhikaraṇa (in/for auspiciousness)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शुभ (प्रातिपदिक)

• कम्: indeed, somehow/at all (Vedic particle)
• कम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable (particle-like) / Pronoun
• Root: क (interrog./indef. pronoun-stem) / Vedic particle use