Rig Veda 4.56.1: Mandala 4, Sukta 56, Mantra 1

Sukta 4.56

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional for Mandala 4)

Devata: Dyāvāpṛthivī (Heaven and Earth)

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; verify)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

मही द्यावापृथिवी इह ज्येष्ठे रुचा भवतां शुचयद्भिरर्कैः । यत्सीं वरिष्ठे बृहती विमिन्वन्रुवद्धोक्षा पप्रथानेभिरेवैः ॥

Transliteration

mahī́ dyāvāpṛthivī ihá jyeṣṭhé rucā́ bhavatāṃ śucáyadbhir arkáiḥ | yát sīṃ váriṣṭhe bṛhatī́ viminván ruvád dhókṣā paprathānébhir eváiḥ ||

Translation

মহান দ্যাবা-পৃথিবী, এখানে তোমাদের জ্যেষ্ঠত্বে, শুচিকারক অর্কসমূহ দ্বারা আমাদের জন্য দীপ্তিমান হও। কারণ সর্বোচ্চ বিস্তারে যখন বৃহতী (বিস্তীর্ণা) নিজের পরিসর মাপে, তখন গর্জনকারী বৃষভ তার প্রসারমান বেগে সেগুলি বিস্তার করে।

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Word by Word

• मही: great, vast
• मही: Kartā (विशेषणरूपेण द्यावापृथिव्योः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मही (प्रातिपदिक) < मह् ‘महत्त्वे/वृद्धौ’

• द्यावापृथिवी: Heaven-and-Earth (the two worlds)
• द्यावापृथिवी: Kartā
• Type: Noun (dual compound)
• Root: द्यावापृथिवी (समासः: द्यावा + पृथिवी)

• इह: here
• इह: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इह

• ज्येष्ठे: in the highest/foremost (place/state)
• ज्येष्ठे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ज्येष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक) < ज्यायस् (वृद्धतर)

• रुचा: with light, with radiance
• रुचा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: रुच् (प्रातिपदिक) < √रुच् ‘दीप्तौ/रुचौ’

• भवताम्: be (you two)
• भवताम्: (क्रिया) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भू ‘सत्तायाम्’

• शुचयद्भिः: with purifying/brightening
• शुचयद्भिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Adjective (participle)
• Root: शुचयत् (कृदन्त) < √शुच् ‘शौचे/दीप्तौ’ (णिच्)

• अर्कैः: with hymns/songs of praise
• अर्कैः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्क (प्रातिपदिक)

• यत्: when/that (which)
• यत्: — (सम्बन्धक)
• Type: Indeclinable (relative) / pronoun form
• Root: यद् (सम्बन्ध/यत्-शब्द)

• सीम्: indeed, just, them
• सीम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable (enclitic particle)
• Root: सीम्

• वरिष्ठे: in the most excellent (place/state)
• वरिष्ठे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वरिष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक) < वर (श्रेष्ठ) + इष्ठ (तमप्)

• बृहती: the two lofty/great (ones)
• बृहती: Kartā (विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बृहती (प्रातिपदिक) < √बृह् ‘वृद्धौ’

• विमिन्वन्: measuring out, meting out (expanding by measure)
• विमिन्वन्: Kartā (सहायक-कर्तृभावे)
• Type: Participle
• Root: विमिन्वत् (कृदन्त) < वि + √मि/मिन् ‘मापन/विस्तार’ (वेदिक)

• रुवद्धोक्षा: the bellowing milker (one who milks with a roar)
• रुवद्धोक्षा: Kartā (उपमान/विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Compound (bahuvrīhi/karmadhāraya-like epithet)
• Root: रुवत् (कृदन्त) < √रु ‘शब्दे’ + धोक्षा (प्रातिपदिक; वेदिक ‘दोहक/दुग्धकर्ता’ < √दुह् ‘दोहने’)

• पप्रथानॆभिः: with those that have spread out/expanded
• पप्रथानॆभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Participle
• Root: पप्रथान (कृदन्त/भूतपूर्व) < √प्रथ् ‘विस्तारे’ (परस्मैपदी)

• एवैः: with these very (ones/means)
• एवैः: Karaṇa
• Type: Pronoun/particle-like nominal
• Root: एव (प्रातिपदिक; वेदिक ‘एव’ = ‘एवम्/एव’), here as instrumental plural