Rig Veda 4.24.8: Mandala 4, Sukta 24, Mantra 8

Sukta 4.24

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama

Devata: Indra (with implicit sacrificial household/patnī motif)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यदा समर्यं व्यचेदृघावा दीर्घं यदाजिमभ्यख्यदर्यः । अचिक्रदद्वृषणं पत्न्यच्छा दुरोण आ निशितं सोमसुद्भिः ॥

Transliteration

yadā samaryáṃ vyácet ṛ́ghāvā dīrgháṃ yadā́jim abhyákhyad aryáḥ | ácikradad vṛ́ṣaṇaṃ pátny acchá duroṇá ā níśitaṃ somasúdbhiḥ ||

Translation

যখন দ্রুতগামী জন দীর্ঘ পথে সঙ্গীকে চিনে নিল, যখন আর্য (শ্রেষ্ঠ) সামনে যুদ্ধ-প্রতিযোগিতাকে দেখল—তখন সে পত্নীর দিকে বৃষভ (ইন্দ্র)-কে ডেকে উঠল: ‘সোম-সুতদের দ্বারা তীক্ষ্ণ (প্রখর) করা, গৃহে এসো।’

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Word by Word

• यदा: when
• यदा: Adhikaraṇa (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदा (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)

• समर्यम्: the rival/contender (Samarya)
• समर्यम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: समर्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• वि: apart, asunder
• वि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि (उपसर्ग)

• अचेत्: he perceived/recognized
• अचेत्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: चि (धातु) / चि- (to notice, perceive)

• ऋघावा: Ṛghāvan (a hero/epithet)
• ऋघावा: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋघावन् (प्रातिपदिक; विशेषण/नाम)

• दीर्घम्: far, long (in extent)
• दीर्घम्: Adhikaraṇa (प्रकार/परिमाण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दीर्घ (प्रातिपदिक)

• यदा: when
• यदा: Adhikaraṇa (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदा (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)

• आजिम्: the race, contest, battle
• आजिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: आजि (प्रातिपदिक)

• अभि: towards, against
• अभि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अभि (उपसर्ग)

• अख्यत्: he beheld/saw
• अख्यत्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: ख्या (धातु) (to see, make known)

• अर्यः: the Arya (noble man/hero)
• अर्यः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• अचिक्रदत्: he cried out, roared
• अचिक्रदत्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: क्रन्द् (धातु) (to cry out, roar)

• वृषणम्: the bull/virile one (hero)
• वृषणम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृषण (प्रातिपदिक)

• पत्नी: the wife
• पत्नी: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: पत्नी (प्रातिपदिक)

• अच्छा: towards
• अच्छा: Adhikaraṇa (दिशा)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अच्छा (अव्यय)

• दुरोणः: the house, dwelling
• दुरोणः: Kartā/Adhikaraṇa (स्थान) (context-dependent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुरोण (प्रातिपदिक)

• आ: unto, towards
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग)

• निशितम्: sharpened, keen
• निशितम्: Karma (as object/goal in motion context)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निशित (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक; नि-शि ‘to sharpen’)

• सोमसुद्भिः: with the Soma-pressers (Soma-pressing men)
• सोमसुद्भिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: सोमसुत् (प्रातिपदिक; सोम + सुत् ‘pressed’)