Rig Veda 1.4.8: Mandala 1, Sukta 4, Mantra 8

Sukta 1.4

Rishi: Madhucchandas Vaiśvāmitra (traditional attribution for RV 1.4)

Devata: Indra (Śatakratu), with Soma as the empowering draught implied

Chandas: Gāyatrī (dominant meter of RV 1.4)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अस्य पीत्वा शतक्रतो घनो वृत्राणामभवः । प्रावो वाजेषु वाजिनम् ॥

Transliteration

ásya pītvā śatakrato ghanó vṛtrā́ṇām abhavaḥ | prā́vo vā́jeṣu vā́jinam ||

Translation

এই (সোম-আনন্দ) পান করে, হে শতক্রতু, তুমি বৃত্রদের/অবরোধকদের ঘাতক হলে; আর ‘বাজ’ (বিজয়ী শক্তি)-এর ক্ষেত্রে তুমি ‘বাজিন’—সমৃদ্ধির অধিকারীকে—অগ্রসর করেছিলে।

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Word by Word

• अस्य: of this (of it)
• अस्य: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → अस्य (षष्ठी एकवचन)

• पीत्वा: having drunk
• पीत्वा: क्रियाविशेषण (पूर्वक्रिया) / हेतु-भाव
• Type: Verb
• Root: पा (धातु) ‘पिबति’

• शतक्रतो: O hundred-powered/ hundred-willed one (Indra)
• शतक्रतो: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun (vocative epithet)
• Root: शतक्रतु (प्रातिपदिक; इन्द्रस्य विशेषणम्)

• घनः: a smiter/striker (crusher)
• घनः: कर्तृ (subject complement to ‘अभवः’)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: घन (प्रातिपदिक)

• वृत्राणाम्: of the Vṛtras/obstructors
• वृत्राणाम्: सम्बन्ध (genitive with घनः: ‘smiter of…’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृत्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• अभवः: you became / you were
• अभवः: क्रिया (मुख्य क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)

• प्र: forth / fully
• प्र: क्रियाविशेषण (उपसर्ग-भाव)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• आवः: you helped / protected
• आवः: क्रिया (मुख्य क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अव् (धातु) ‘रक्षणे/अवने’

• वाजेषु: in the contests / in the prizes (of strength)
• वाजेषु: अधिकरण (locative: sphere/occasion)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाज (प्रातिपदिक)

• वाजिनम्: the prize-winner / the racer (the vigorous one)
• वाजिनम्: कर्म (object of ‘आवः’)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: वाजिन् (प्रातिपदिक)