Shloka 15

Devanagari script

निष्पन्दास्तरवस्सर्वे निलीनमृगपक्षिण:।नैशेन तमसा व्याप्ता दिशश्च रघुनन्दन।।।।

Transliteration

niṣpandās taravaḥ sarve nilīna-mṛga-pakṣiṇaḥ |

naiśena tamasā vyāptā diśaś ca raghunandana ||

Translation

হে রঘুনন্দন! সকল বৃক্ষ নিস্পন্দ ছিল; মৃগ ও পক্ষীরা আশ্রয়ে লীন হয়ে ছিল। রাত্রির অন্ধকারে সমস্ত দিক আচ্ছন্ন ছিল॥

Word by Word

• niṣpandāḥ: motionless
• niṣpandāḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया/predicate complement)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: niṣpanda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (m.), Prathamā vibhakti (Nom. 1), Bahuvacana; predicate adjective

• taravaḥ: trees
• taravaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: taru (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (m.), Prathamā vibhakti (Nom. 1), Bahuvacana

• sarve: all
• sarve: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/modifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (m.), Prathamā vibhakti (Nom. 1), Bahuvacana; agrees with 'taravaḥ'

• nilīna-mṛga-pakṣiṇaḥ: with beasts and birds lying hidden
• nilīna-mṛga-pakṣiṇaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/modifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: nilīna + mṛga + pakṣin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (m.), Prathamā vibhakti (Nom. 1), Bahuvacana; 'with beasts and birds hidden/resting' (mṛga-pakṣi as dvandva; nilīna as qualifier)

• naiśena: by night-born
• naiśena: Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: naiśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुṃsakaliṅga (n.)/Puṃliṅga usage, Tṛtīyā vibhakti (Instr. 3), Ekavacana; 'by nocturnal (darkness)'

• tamasā: by darkness
• tamasā: Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tamas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुṃsakaliṅga (n.), Tṛtīyā vibhakti (Instr. 3), Ekavacana

• vyāptāḥ: were pervaded
• vyāptāḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया/predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi-ā-√āp (धातु) + kta (कृत् प्रत्यय)
• Form: Kta-participle, Strīliṅga (f.)? actually agrees with 'diśaḥ' (f. pl.): Prathamā vibhakti (Nom. 1), Bahuvacana

• diśaḥ: directions
• diśaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: diś (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga (f.), Prathamā vibhakti (Nom. 1), Bahuvacana

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Samucchaya-avyaya (conjunction)

• raghunandana: O Raghunandana
• raghunandana: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: raghu-nandana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (m.), Sambodhana vibhakti (Voc.), Ekavacana

Context

Evening has gradually disappeared. The sky is littered with stars and planets gleaming points of light as though they are the eyes of the skies.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma (Raghunandana)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse indirectly supports dharma through restraint and quietude: nature itself becomes still, mirroring the disciplined pause appropriate after sacred instruction.

What is the narrative situation?

The scene transitions into night; the environment is described as silent and dark as the group prepares to rest.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Not a direct virtue statement; the atmosphere underscores composure and self-control befitting ascetic surroundings.