Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 110, Shloka 1

लोकसमुत्पत्ति-वर्णनम् तथा इक्ष्वाकुवंश-प्रशंसा

Cosmogony and Ikshvaku Genealogy as Counsel to Rama

Devanagari script

क्रुद्धमाज्ञाय रामं तु वसिष्ठः प्रत्युवाच ह।जाबालिरपि जानीते लोकस्यास्य गतागतिम्।।।।

Transliteration

kruddham ājñāya rāmaṃ tu vasiṣṭhaḥ pratyuvāca ha |

jābālir api jānīte lokasyāsya gatāgatim ||

Translation

রামকে ক্রুদ্ধ দেখে মুনিশ্রেষ্ঠ বশিষ্ঠ উত্তর দিলেন— “জাবালিও এই লোকের জীবদের গতি‑আগতি, তাদের পথ ও নিয়তি সম্যক জানেন।”

Word by Word

• kruddham: angry
• kruddham: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √krudh (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past participle), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘क्रुद्ध’ इति विशेषणम् (of rāmaṃ)

• ājñāya: having perceived
• ājñāya: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√jñā (धातु) + lyap (क्त्वा/ल्यप्)
• Form: क्त्वान्त/ल्यपन्त अव्ययीभाव-रूप (gerund), ‘having known/perceived’

• rāmam: Rama
• rāmam: Karma (कर्म/object of ājñāya)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• tu: but/indeed
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: विरोध/विशेषार्थक-अव्यय (but/indeed)

• vasiṣṭhaḥ: Vasiṣṭha
• vasiṣṭhaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vasiṣṭha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• pratyuvāca: replied
• pratyuvāca: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: prati-√vac (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन, परस्मैपद; ‘replied’

• ha: indeed (narrative)
• ha: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ha (अव्यय)
• Form: स्मरण/इतिवृत्तसूचक-अव्यय (narrative particle)

• jābāliḥ: Jābāli
• jābāliḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jābāli (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• api: also
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (also)

• jānīte: knows/is aware
• jānīte: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √jñā (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन, आत्मनेपद

• lokasya: of the world
• lokasya: Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: loka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन

• asya: of this
• asya: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (of lokasya)

• gatāgatim: comings and goings
• gatāgatim: Karma (कर्म/object of jānīte)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gata-āgati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वन्द्व-समास (गति + आगति), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

Context

Seeing Rama angry Vasistha intercedes, saying that Jabali is well-aware of the exits and entrances of humans on earth.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Vasiṣṭha
• Jābāli

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma here emphasizes restraint and fair hearing: when anger arises, wise counsel should be received and judgment should not be clouded by emotion.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma has become upset during a discussion; Vasiṣṭha intervenes to calm the exchange and to frame Jābāli as knowledgeable rather than malicious.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Vasiṣṭha’s steadiness and mediating wisdom—speaking at the right moment to restore balance and dhārmic deliberation.