Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 1, Shloka 48

गुणप्रशंसा–युवराजनिर्णयः

Praise of Rama’s Virtues and the Decision on the Heir-Apparent

Devanagari script

अथोपविष्टे नृपतौ तस्मिन्परबलार्दने।।।।ततः प्रविविशु श्शेषा राजानो लोकसम्मताः।

Transliteration

athopaviṣṭe nṛpatau tasmin parabalārdane |

tataḥ praviviśuḥ śeṣā rājāno lokasammatāḥ ||

Translation

যখন সেই পরশত্রুবল-দমনকারী নৃপতি আসনে উপবিষ্ট হলেন, তখন লোকসম্মত অন্যান্য রাজারা প্রবেশ করলেন।

Word by Word

• अथ: then
• अथ: Avyaya (अव्यय-प्रयोग)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atha (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, discourse particle (अनन्तरार्थक)

• उपविष्टे: when (he) was seated
• उपविष्टे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: upa-viś (धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: Kṛdanta PPP (क्त), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग) agreeing with नृपतौ; locative absolute sense

• नृपतौ: in/when the king
• नृपतौ: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nṛpati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• तस्मिन्: in that (king)
• तस्मिन्: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma, Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• परबलार्दने: in the crusher of enemy forces
• परबलार्दने: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: para-bala-ardana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa: para-bala (enemy forces) + ardana (crusher); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन); epithet of the king

• ततः: thereafter
• ततः: Avyaya (अव्यय-प्रयोग)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, adverb (तस्मात्-अर्थे/अनन्तरम्)

• प्रविविशुः: entered
• प्रविविशुः: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-viś (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• शेषाः: the remaining
• शेषाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śeṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); qualifies राजानः

• राजानः: kings
• राजानः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• लोकसम्मताः: approved by the people / esteemed
• लोकसम्मताः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: loka-sammata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa: loka + sammata (sam-√man + kta 'approved'); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

Context

After the king (Dasaratha) who was a tormenter of enemy forces was seated, the rest of the kings beloved of their subjects entered (the assembly hall).

Characters & Entities

• Daśaratha

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Maryādā in public institutions: orderly conduct and respect for the presiding sovereign uphold dignity and stability in governance.

What is the narrative situation?

Daśaratha seats himself in the assembly hall; afterward the other kings enter in due order.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Discipline and public legitimacy—kings described as lokasammata, validated by their subjects.