Shloka 61

Adhyaya 57 — The Ninefold Divisions of Bharata: Mountains, Rivers, and Peoples

Sanskrit

मृगपश्वप्सरोयोनिस्तद्वत् सर्वे सरीसृपाः । स्थावराणाञ्च सर्वेषामितो ब्रह्मन् शुभाशुभैः ॥

Transliteration

mṛgapaśvapsaroyonis tadvat sarve sarīsṛpāḥ | sthāvarāṇāñ ca sarveṣām ito brahman śubhāśubhaiḥ ||

Translation

এখান থেকেই শুভ-অশুভ কর্ম অনুসারে, হে ব্রাহ্মণ, হরিণ ও পশুর জন্ম, অপ্সরার জন্ম, সকল সরীসৃপের জন্ম, এবং স্থাবর (অচল) জীবের জন্মও ঘটে।

Word by Word

• मृगपश्वप्सरोयोनिः: the womb/source of beasts, animals, and apsarases
• मृगपश्वप्सरोयोनिः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मृग-पशु-अप्सरस्-योनि (प्रातिपदिक; मृग + पशु + अप्सरस् + योनि)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; समाहार-द्वन्द्व (collective dvandva)

• तद्वत्: likewise
• तद्वत्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तद्वत् (अव्यय; तद् + वत्)
• Form: तुलना-अव्यय (comparative indeclinable: ‘likewise’)

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषण

• सरीसृपाः: reptiles/creeping creatures
• सरीसृपाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सरीसृप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• स्थावराणाम्: of immobile beings (plants etc.)
• स्थावराणाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्थावर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• सर्वेषाम्: of all
• सर्वेषाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषण

• इतः: from this (Bhārata)
• इतः: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इतस् (अव्यय)
• Form: अपादान/देश-अव्यय (adverb: ‘from here/from this’)

• ब्रह्मन्: O Brahman (sage)
• ब्रह्मन्: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• शुभाशुभैः: by auspicious and inauspicious (karmas/causes)
• शुभाशुभैः: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शुभ-अशुभ (प्रातिपदिक; शुभ + अशुभ)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व (pair: auspicious and inauspicious)

Speakers

• Frame dialogue context; speaker not explicit in given excerpt

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Karma
• Rebirth
• Samsara
• Merit and demerit
• Karmabhūmi

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Human life is portrayed as a decisive junction: through śubha/aśubha karma one can rise to refined celestial births or fall into lower and even immobile forms—therefore ethical vigilance is essential.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Karmic doctrine supporting manvantara/yuga cosmology: it explains movement of jīvas across births within the created order (sarga) through moral causality.

What is the esoteric significance?

The wide span—from apsaras to sthāvara—indicates the continuum of consciousness’ contraction/expansion; karma acts as the ‘operator’ determining the degree of manifestation.