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Shloka 31

Kṛṣṇa at Duryodhana’s House: Refusal of Hospitality and Departure to Vidura (कृष्णस्य धार्तराष्ट्रनिवेशनगमनम्)

आधिराज्यं महद्‌ दीप्तं प्रथितं मधुसूदन । आहतं येन वीर्येण कुरूणां सर्वराजसु

vaiśampāyana uvāca |

ādhirājyaṃ mahad dīptaṃ prathitaṃ madhusūdana |

āhataṃ yena vīryeṇa kurūṇāṃ sarvarājasu ||

বৈশম্পায়ন বললেন— হে মধুসূদন! কুরুবংশের এই মহৎ, দীপ্তিমান ও সর্বরাজাদের মধ্যে প্রসিদ্ধ সাম্রাজ্য—অর্জুনেরই বীর্যে অর্জিত ও উজ্জ্বল হয়েছে।

आधिराज्यम्overlordship, imperial sovereignty
आधिराज्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआधिराज्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
महत्great
महत्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
दीप्तम्shining, radiant
दीप्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदीप्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रथितम्renowned, widely known
प्रथितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रथित
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मधुसूदनO slayer of Madhu (Krishna)
मधुसूदन:
TypeNoun
Rootमधुसूदन
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
आहतम्struck down/overpowered, subdued
आहतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootआहत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
येनby whom
येन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
वीर्येणby valor, by prowess
वीर्येण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवीर्य
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
कुरूणाम्of the Kurus
कुरूणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootकुरु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
सर्वराजसुamong all kings
सर्वराजसु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वराजन्
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
K
Kṛṣṇa (Madhusūdana)
K
Kurus
A
Arjuna
P
Pāṇḍavas
I
Indra

Educational Q&A

The verse frames political sovereignty as resting on personal virtue and disciplined prowess: legitimate fame and imperial power are portrayed as outcomes of vīrya (heroic excellence) exercised in service of one’s allies. It also highlights ethical responsibility—when a community depends on a single champion, his welfare becomes a matter of collective dharma and concern.

In Udyoga Parva’s pre-war diplomacy and preparations, the speaker (as narrated by Vaiśampāyana) emphasizes Arjuna’s decisive role in establishing the Kurus’ imperial renown and his function as the Pāṇḍavas’ main support, then asks Kṛṣṇa about Arjuna’s present condition—underscoring both Arjuna’s stature and the urgency of the moment.