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Shloka 60

उद्योगपर्व — अध्याय 33: धृतराष्ट्र-विदुर संवादः (विदुरनीतिः)

एतान्यनिगृहीतानि व्यापादयितुमप्यलम्‌ । अविधेया इवादान्ता हया: पथि कुसारथिम्‌

etāny anigṛhītāni vyāpādayitum apy alam | avidheyā ivādāntā hayāḥ pathi kusārathim ||

এই ইন্দ্রিয়গুলি যদি সংযত না থাকে, তবে মানুষের বিনাশ ঘটাতেও সক্ষম। যেমন পথে প্রশিক্ষণহীন, দুর্দমনীয় ঘোড়া অযোগ্য সারথিকে ফেলে দিয়ে মেরে ফেলে, তেমনি নিয়ন্ত্রণহীন ইন্দ্রিয়ও মানুষকে সর্বনাশের দিকে ঠেলে দেয়।

एतानिthese
एतानि:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
अनिगृहीतानिunrestrained, not held in check
अनिगृहीतानि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअनिगृहीत (निग्रह्/ग्रह् धातु; क्त)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
व्यापादयितुम्to kill, to destroy
व्यापादयितुम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootव्यापादय् (causative of √पद/√पाद?; denominative/causative sense 'to destroy/kill')
FormInfinitive (tumun)
अपिeven, also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अलम्able, sufficient (enough) (with infinitive)
अलम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअलम्
अविधेयाःunmanageable, not obedient
अविधेयाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअविधेय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
इवlike, as if
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
अदान्ताःuntrained, untamed
अदान्ताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअदान्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हयाःhorses
हयाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पथिon the road, in the way
पथि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपथिन्
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
कुसारथिम्a bad charioteer
कुसारथिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकुसारथि (कु- + सारथि)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
S
senses (indriyas, implied)
H
horses (hayāḥ)
C
charioteer (sārathi)

Educational Q&A

Uncontrolled senses are inherently dangerous; without restraint and training they can ruin a person. Ethical life (dharma) requires indriya-nigraha—mastery over impulses—just as safe travel requires trained horses and a competent charioteer.

In Vidura’s counsel (nīti) during Udyoga Parva, he uses a vivid analogy: untrained horses can kill a poor charioteer on the road; likewise, the senses, if not restrained, can destroy a man. The verse functions as a warning within his broader instruction on prudent, disciplined conduct.