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Shloka 5

अदारा-नीति

Crisis Composure) and ‘Jaya’ Śravaṇa (Morale-Instruction

मातोवाच सर्वावस्था हि विदुषां तात धर्मार्थकारणात्‌ | तावेवाभिसमीक्ष्याहं संजय त्वामचूचुदम्‌

mātovāca sarvāvasthā hi viduṣāṃ tāta dharmārthakāraṇāt | tāv evābhisamīkṣyāhaṃ sañjaya tvām acūcudam ||

মাতা বললেন—বৎস সঞ্জয়! বিদ্বানদের জীবনের প্রতিটি অবস্থা ধর্ম ও অর্থের কারণেই প্রবৃত্ত হয়। সেই দুইটিকেই লক্ষ্য করে আমিও তোমাকে যুদ্ধে প্রবৃত্ত করেছি।

माताmother
माता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमातृ
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
सर्वाall
सर्वा:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
अवस्थाstate/condition
अवस्था:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअवस्था
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
विदुषाम्of the wise
विदुषाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootविद्वस्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
तातdear son
तात:
TypeNoun
Rootतात
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
धर्मof dharma
धर्म:
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अर्थof artha (purpose/wealth)
अर्थ:
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
कारणात्because of; from the cause
कारणात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootकारण
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
तौthose two (dharma and artha)
तौ:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Dual
एवonly/indeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अभिसमीक्ष्यhaving considered/keeping in view
अभिसमीक्ष्य:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-सम्-ईक्ष्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Nominative, Singular
संजयO Sañjaya
संजय:
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
त्वाम्you
त्वाम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Accusative, Singular
अचूचुदम्I urged/impelled
अचूचुदम्:
TypeVerb
Rootचुद्
FormPerfect, 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada

पुत्र उवाच

M
Mother (mātā)
S
Sañjaya

Educational Q&A

Even actions that appear harsh—such as urging someone toward war—are presented as justifiable for the wise only when grounded in dharma (moral duty/order) and artha (practical welfare/political necessity). The verse frames ethical deliberation as balancing these two aims.

A mother addresses her son and speaks directly to Sañjaya, explaining that she encouraged him toward the war after considering dharma and artha. The line functions as a moral rationale for counsel given in a tense pre-war context.