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Shloka 28

Kṣātra-Dharma, Daṇḍanīti, and Social Order

Indra–Māndhātṛ Dialogue

निर्मर्यादा: काममन्युप्रवृत्ता भीता राज्ञो नाधिगच्छन्ति पापम्‌ | शिष्टाक्षान्ये सर्वधर्मोपपन्ना: साध्वाचारा: साधु धर्म वदन्ति

nirmaryādāḥ kāma-manyu-pravṛttā bhītā rājño nādhigacchanti pāpam | śiṣṭākṣānye sarva-dharmopapannāḥ sādhvācārāḥ sādhu dharma vadanti ||

ইন্দ্র বললেন—যারা কাম-ক্রোধে বশীভূত হয়ে সীমা লঙ্ঘন করেছে, তারাও রাজার ভয়ে পাপে প্রবৃত্ত হয় না। আর যারা শিষ্ট, সর্বধর্মে সমৃদ্ধ ও সদাচারী, তারা রাজার আশ্রয়ে থেকে সৎ আচরণ করে এবং যথার্থ ধর্মোপদেশ দেয়।

निर्मर्यादाःunrestrained, without bounds
निर्मर्यादाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्मर्याद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
काममन्युप्रवृत्ताःdriven by desire and anger
काममन्युप्रवृत्ताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकाममन्युप्रवृत्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भीताःafraid
भीताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभीत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
राज्ञःfrom the king (out of fear of the king)
राज्ञः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अधिगच्छन्तिcommit / incur / fall into
अधिगच्छन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअधि-गम्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
पापम्sin, wrongdoing
पापम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपाप
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
शिष्टाःthe cultured/learned (good people)
शिष्टाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशिष्ट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
चान्येand others
चान्ये:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच + अन्य
सर्वधर्मोपपन्नाःendowed with all dharmas
सर्वधर्मोपपन्नाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्वधर्मोपपन्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
साध्वाचाराःof good conduct
साध्वाचाराः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसाध्वाचार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
साधुwell, rightly
साधु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसाधु
धर्मम्dharma, righteousness
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वदन्तिspeak, teach
वदन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootवद्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada

इन्द्र उवाच

I
Indra
T
the king (rājā)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that effective kingship supports dharma in two ways: it restrains the unruly through fear of punishment, and it enables the virtuous to live safely, practice good conduct, and teach dharma openly.

Indra is explaining a principle of rājadharma (the king’s duty): the presence of royal authority and protection reduces wrongdoing among the impulsive and provides security for disciplined, dharma-abiding people to uphold and propagate righteous conduct.