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Shloka 33

Prāyaścitta and Contextual Non-Culpability (प्रायश्चित्त-निमित्त-अदोषवाद)

विद्यादेवंविधेनैषां गुरुलाघवनिश्चयम्‌

vidyād evaṃvidhenaiṣāṃ guru-lāghava-niścayam | paśu-pakṣiṇāṃ vadhaṃ kṛtvā bahūn anyān vṛkṣān ucchedya ca pāpa-yuktaḥ puruṣaḥ śuddhy-artham trīn ahāni trīṇi rātrīḥ kevalaṃ vāyuṃ pītvā tiṣṭhet, svaṃ pāpa-karma ca lokeṣu prakāśayet ||

ব্যাস বললেন—এইভাবেই এ সকল পাপের গুরুতা ও লঘুতা নির্ণয় করা উচিত। যে ব্যক্তি পশু-পাখি বধ করে এবং আরও বহু বৃক্ষ ছেদন করে পাপে কলুষিত হয়েছে, সে শুদ্ধির জন্য তিন দিন তিন রাত কেবল বায়ুকেই আহার করে থাকবে এবং নিজের পাপকর্ম জনসমক্ষে প্রকাশ করবে।

विद्यात्should know/should ascertain
विद्यात्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormVidhi-ling (optative), 3, singular, Parasmaipada
एवम्thus, in this manner
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
विधेनby the method/way
विधेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootविध
Formmasculine, instrumental, singular
एषाम्of these (sins/actions)
एषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
Formcommon, genitive, plural
गुरु-लाघव-निश्चयम्the determination of heaviness and lightness (gravity and slightness)
गुरु-लाघव-निश्चयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनिश्चय
Formmasculine, accusative, singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
P
paśu (animals)
P
pakṣi (birds)
V
vṛkṣa (trees)
L
loka (people/public)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches proportional ethical judgment (assessing the gravity of sins) and prescribes atonement that combines austerity (a three-day fast described as ‘drinking only air’) with moral accountability through public disclosure of wrongdoing.

Vyāsa is explaining a rule of expiation: if a person has incurred sin by killing animals/birds and by cutting down many trees, he should undertake a severe three-day-and-night austerity and confess the act openly to others as part of purification.