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Shloka 19

Adhyāya 302: Guṇa-vicāra, Gati-bheda, and the Imperishable State

Yājñavalkya–Janaka

सांख्ये च पल्यते शास्त्रे नामभिरबहुधात्मक: । विचित्ररूपो विश्वात्मा एकाक्षर इति स्मृत:

sāṅkhye ca palyate śāstre nāmabhir bahudhātmakaḥ | vicitrarūpo viśvātmā ekākṣara iti smṛtaḥ ||

বসিষ্ঠ বললেন—সাংখ্যশাস্ত্রেও সেই তত্ত্বকে বহু নাম ও বহু রূপে বর্ণনা করা হয়েছে। তাঁকে বিচিত্ররূপধারী, বিশ্বাত্মা এবং ‘একাক্ষর’ (অক্ষর ব্রহ্ম) বলে স্মরণ করা হয়। অগণিত নাম-রূপে প্রকাশ পেলেও তিনি এক ও সর্বব্যাপী; তিনিই ত্রিলোক সৃষ্টি করেন এবং তাতেই পরিব্যাপ্ত থাকেন—এইজন্য তাঁকে ‘বিশ্বরূপ’ বলা হয়।

सांख्येin Sāṅkhya (system)
सांख्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसांख्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
and/also
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पठ्यतेis recited/ is taught
पठ्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootपठ्
FormPresent, Passive, Third, Singular
शास्त्रेin the treatise/scripture
शास्त्रे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशास्त्र
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
नामभिःby/with names
नामभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनामन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
बहुधाin many ways; variously
बहुधा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootबहुधा
आत्मकःhaving the nature of; consisting of
आत्मकः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootआत्मक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विचित्ररूपःof wondrous/varied form
विचित्ररूपः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविचित्ररूप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विश्वात्माthe soul of the universe
विश्वात्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविश्वात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एकाक्षरःthe one-syllabled (imperishable/Om)
एकाक्षरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootएकाक्षर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
स्मृतःis remembered/ is called
स्मृतः:
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ
Formक्त, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

वसिष्ठ उवाच

V
Vasiṣṭha
S
Sāṅkhya
V
Viśvātmā (Cosmic Self)
E
Ekākṣara (the Imperishable Syllable)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that the ultimate Reality is one, yet spoken of in many ways: it is called the cosmic Self and the imperishable ‘single syllable.’ Diversity of names and forms does not contradict unity; rather, the One appears manifold while remaining all-pervading.

Vasiṣṭha is instructing his listener in a philosophical context within Śānti Parva, aligning Sāṅkhya discourse with broader Mahābhārata teaching: the supreme principle is described through multiple epithets to guide understanding of creation and pervasion.