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Shloka 21

कामद्रुम-रूपकः तथा शरीर-पुर-रूपकः

The Desire-Tree and the Body-as-City Metaphors

अतो गुह्ुतरार्थ तदध्यात्ममतिमानुषम्‌ | यत्‌ तन्महर्षिभिदर्दृष्ट वेदान्तेषु च गीयते

ato guhūtarārtha tad adhyātmamatimānuṣam | yat tan maharṣibhir dṛṣṭaṃ vedānteṣu ca gīyate || yat tu santāpasaṃyuktaṃ kāye manasi vā bhavet | pravṛttaṃ raja ity evaṃ tatra cāpy upalakṣayet ||

ব্যাস বললেন—অতএব তোমার প্রশ্ন অনুসারে আমি আরও গূঢ়, অতিমানবীয় আত্মবিদ্যার উপদেশ দেব—যা মহর্ষিরা প্রত্যক্ষ উপলব্ধি করেছেন এবং যা বেদান্ত, উপনিষদে গীত হয়েছে। আর যখন দেহে বা মনে দহনময় অস্থিরতা ও সন্তাপ দেখা দেয়, তখন বুঝতে হবে সেখানে রজোগুণ সক্রিয় হয়েছে।

अतःtherefore
अतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअतः
गुह्यतरार्थम्a more secret meaning/purport
गुह्यतरार्थम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुह्यतरार्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अध्यात्ममतिमानुषम्pertaining to spiritual (adhyātma) understanding, beyond human (superhuman)
अध्यात्ममतिमानुषम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअध्यात्म-मतिमानुष
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
यत्which
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
महर्षिभिःby the great seers
महर्षिभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमहर्षि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
दृष्टम्seen/realized
दृष्टम्:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
वेदान्तेषुin the Vedāntas (Upaniṣads)
वेदान्तेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवेदान्त
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
गीयतेis sung/celebrated
गीयते:
TypeVerb
Rootगै
FormPresent, Passive, Third, Singular
यत्when/that which
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
संतापसंयुक्तम्associated with distress/heat (affliction)
संतापसंयुक्तम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसंताप-संयुक्त
FormPast passive participle (क्त) used adjectivally, Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
कायेin the body
काये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकाय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
मनसिin the mind
मनसि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
भवेत्may be/arises
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Potential), Parasmaipada, Third, Singular
प्रवृत्तम्set in motion/active
प्रवृत्तम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र-√वृत्
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
रजःrajas (the passion-quality)
रजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरजस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
एवम्in this way
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
तत्रthere/in that case
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
उपलक्षयेत्one should recognize/mark
उपलक्षयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-√लक्ष्
FormOptative (Potential), Parasmaipada, Third, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
M
Maharṣis
V
Vedānta (Upaniṣads)
R
Rajas (guṇa)

Educational Q&A

Vyāsa frames his instruction as a deeper adhyātma (inner, Self-oriented) doctrine validated by seers and echoed in the Upaniṣads, then gives a practical diagnostic: distressful agitation in body or mind is a sign that rajas—the restless, passionate guṇa—has become active.

In the didactic setting of Śānti Parva, Vyāsa responds to a questioner by promising a more esoteric spiritual teaching and immediately begins explaining how to recognize the play of the guṇas in lived experience, starting with the mark of rajas.