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Shloka 8

Kāpavya-carita (कापव्यचरित) — Reforming Dasyus through Regulated Rāja-Dharma

यदैव प्राकृतं शास्त्रमविशेषेण वर्तते । तदैवमभ्यसेदेवं मेधावी वाप्यथोत्तरम्‌

yadaiva prākṛtaṃ śāstram aviśeṣeṇa vartate | tadaivam abhyased evaṃ medhāvī vāpy athottaram ||

যখন সাধারণ (প্রাকৃত) শাস্ত্র কোনো বিশেষ ভেদ না করে কার্যকর থাকে, তখন সেই অনুযায়ীই আচরণ করা উচিত। কিন্তু যে মেধাবী, সে পরিস্থিতি বুঝে আরও অগ্রসর হয়ে অধিক নির্দিষ্ট ও উচ্চতর বিধান অনুসরণ করবে।

यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
प्राकृतम्ordinary/common
प्राकृतम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्राकृत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
शास्त्रम्treatise/rule (śāstra)
शास्त्रम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशास्त्र
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अविशेषेणwithout distinction/generally
अविशेषेण:
Karana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअविशेष
Forminstrumental singular used adverbially
वर्ततेprevails/operates/is in force
वर्तते:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्
FormPresent, Atmanepada, Third, Singular
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
एवम्thus/in this manner
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
अभ्यसेत्should practice/should follow
अभ्यसेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि+अस्
FormOptative, Parasmaipada, Third, Singular
एवम्thus
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
मेधावीa wise/intelligent person
मेधावी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमेधाविन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अथthen/now
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
उत्तरम्higher/further (course/teaching)
उत्तरम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

Apply the general rule when it is what prevails, but when one has discernment, one should adopt the higher, more situation-specific guidance rather than stopping at the merely general norm.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhīṣma is advising how to interpret and apply śāstra: first follow the commonly operative rule, yet in complex or exceptional contexts a wise person should move to the ‘uttara’ (more refined/specific) directive.