Shloka 11

Cyavana Explains His Tests; Kuśika Seeks Brāhmaṇya for His Line (च्यवन–कुशिक संवादः)

Devanagari script

कुशिक उवाच भगवन्‌ सहधर्मो<5यं पण्डितैरिह धार्यते । प्रदानकाले कनन्‍्यानामुच्यते च सदा बुधैः

Transliteration

Kuśika uvāca—bhagavan, sahadharmo ’yaṃ paṇḍitair iha dhāryate | pradāna-kāle kanyānām ucyate ca sadā budhaiḥ ||

Translation

কুশিক বললেন—“ভগবন্, অতিথিসেবারূপ এই সহধর্ম এখানে পণ্ডিতজন সর্বদা পালন করেন; আর কন্যাদানের সময়েও জ্ঞানীরা সর্বদা এ কথাই উপদেশ দেন।”

Word by Word

• कुशिकः: Kushika
• कुशिकः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुशिक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect, Third, Singular

• भगवन्: O venerable one
• Type: Noun
• Root: भगवत्
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• सहधर्मः: associated duty / auxiliary dharma
• सहधर्मः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सहधर्म
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अयम्: this
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पण्डितैः: by the learned
• पण्डितैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पण्डित
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• इह: here / in this world
• इह: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इह

• धार्यते: is to be upheld / is upheld
• Type: Verb
• Root: धृ
• Form: Present, Third, Singular, Passive

• प्रदानकाले: at the time of giving (in marriage)
• प्रदानकाले: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रदानकाल
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• कन्यानाम्: of maidens / daughters
• Type: Noun
• Root: कन्या
• Form: Feminine, Genitive, Plural

• उच्यते: is said / is taught
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Present, Third, Singular, Passive

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• सदा: always
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सदा

• बुधैः: by the wise
• बुधैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: बुध
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

Speaker

कुशिक उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Kuśika
• Bhagavān (addressed revered sage/lord)
• Paṇḍita (learned men)
• Budha (the wise)
• Kanyā (maiden/daughter)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

That hospitality (service to guests) is an essential supporting duty within dharma, consistently upheld by the learned and explicitly recommended even in key life-ritual contexts such as giving a daughter in marriage.

What is happening in the narrative?

Kuśika addresses a revered authority, citing the consensus of scholars and the wise: the practice of an auxiliary dharma—identified in context as hospitality—is maintained in society and taught as a standing injunction, including during marriage-related rites.